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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Fundamentals of auditing | - Audit principles and types of audits - Audit planning and preparation |
| Audit process | - Conducting opening meeting and audit activities - Audit findings and nonconformity classification - Collecting and verifying audit evidence |
| Audit reporting and follow-up | - Preparing audit reports - Corrective actions and follow-up audits |
| Fundamental concepts of Occupational Health and Safety Management System (OHSMS) | - ISO 45001 principles and structure - Key concepts of occupational health and safety |
| ISO 45001 requirements | - Leadership and worker participation - Context of the organization - Performance evaluation and improvement - Planning and risk assessment - Support and operational control |
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102. Frage
You have been assigned by the audit team leader to evaluate the process of complying with application legislation.
Which three of the following statements about the evaluation of compliance are true?
Antwort: A,B,G
Begründung:
Clause 9.1.2 of ISO 45001:2018 outlines the need for organizations to evaluate compliance with applicable legal and other requirements as part of their OH and S management system.
Analysis of Options:
A). The organization must evaluate its compliance status at least once a year:The standard does not prescribe a specific frequency but states that evaluations must be conducted at planned intervals.
B). ' Other requirements ' include requirements that the organization has chosen to comply with:Correct. Other requirements may include voluntary standards, industry codes, or contractual obligations.
C). A management review is required in all instances where one or more legal requirements are not being met:
This is not true. Management reviews address compliance but are not mandated for every noncompliance.
D). Every member of an audit team must have a detailed understanding of the legal requirements for the sector and type of organization they are auditing:Not true. Auditors must have general competency but can rely on subject-matter experts for legal specifics.
E). If the organization is failing to address a legal requirement relating to another discipline (e.g., Environmental management), this cannot be raised in the audit:Not true. If the legal noncompliance impacts OH and S, it can be raised.
F). The organization cannot outsource its process for evaluating compliance:The organization can outsource evaluation but retains accountability.
G). The organization is required to establish a process for evaluating compliance:Correct. Clause 9.1.2 requires a process for compliance evaluation.
H). The organization is required to evaluate its compliance status with OH and S legal and other requirements:
Correct. Clause 9.1.2 explicitly states this requirement.
ISO References:
Clause 9.1.2: Evaluation of compliance.
Clause 7.5: Documented information requirements
103. Frage
You are conducting a Stage 2 certification audit to ISO 45001 at an adventure park in the Scottish Highlands. The park offers treetop walks, zip-line rides, walking trails, and horse-riding trips. The park is open to adults and children of any age. You are particularly interested in compliance with legal requirements and interview the Park Manager.
You: How do you evaluate the risks to participants that the various activities present?
Park Manager: Our risks are covered by insurance, and we operate under health and safety legislation that requires frequent checks of all our facilities. For example, we trust staff to check all our harnesses every morning.
You: Are you required to have an independent inspection carried out of zip lines, for example?
Park Manager: Yes, our insurance company employs a reputable body to do that sort of thing.
You: Can you show me a copy of the latest inspection report? Park Manager: I'd need to get that from the insurance organisation. I have the initial one when we opened eight years ago.
You examine the inspection report, which takes the form of a checklist that does not identify individual zip lines, treetop platforms, harnesses, or rope ladders. It is dated eight years previously and has a scribbled signature with no other identification of the inspection engineer. Select the two statements for which there is evidence of a nonconformity to ISO 45001.
Select two statements.
Antwort: C,D
Begründung:
ISO 45001 requires organizations to identify and maintain documentation to demonstrate compliance with legal and other requirements (Clause 7.5 and Clause 9.1.2). It also requires the evaluation and control of outsourced processes (Clause 8.1.4.3).
Analysis of Options:
A . The park did not have the required documentation to demonstrate compliance with legal requirements:
Correct. The outdated and incomplete inspection report (8 years old, lacking detailed identification) fails to demonstrate compliance with health and safety legislation.
B . The organization did not monitor the safety checks by staff of equipment:
Incorrect. While there is a potential gap in monitoring, the evidence provided does not directly indicate a lack of monitoring of staff checks.
C . The inspection organization employed by the insurance organization was not evaluated:
Correct. ISO 45001 requires the organization to evaluate outsourced services, including those provided by the inspection body, to ensure their adequacy.
D . The park relied on the insurance organization to evaluate its OHS risks:
Incorrect. Reliance on external evaluations may not constitute a nonconformity if risks are properly managed, but there is no evidence provided for noncompliance here.
E . Testing to determine the safe loading of equipment was not carried out:
Incorrect. While load testing is crucial, there is no evidence presented to confirm this specific issue as a nonconformity.
ISO Reference:
Clause 7.5: Control of documented information.
Clause 8.1.4.3: Control of outsourced processes.
Clause 9.1.2: Evaluation of compliance.
104. Frage
Which three of the following statements about closing meetings are true?
Antwort: C,D,E
Begründung:
The correct answers are B, E, and G.
G is true because ISO 19011 states that a closing meeting should be held to present the audit findings and conclusions. This applies to audits generally, not only third-party audits. (Oshisis) E is true because ISO 19011 guidance says that for some audit situations the closing meeting may be formal, but in other instances, such as internal audits, the closing meeting can be less formal and may simply consist of communicating the findings and conclusions. That means a first-party closing meeting is commonly less formal than a third-party certification closing meeting. (Synersia Foundation) B is also true. ISO 19011 and related guidance allow the use of remote methods / ICT in audit activities, and remote audit methods may be combined with on-site methods. From that, it follows that the audit team leader may arrange for audit team members to join activities such as the closing meeting virtually, where appropriate and controlled. This is an inference from the permitted use of ICT in audits. (ISO) Why the others are false:
A is false because the closing meeting is for presenting findings and conclusions, not for changing findings simply because the auditee is unhappy. Findings can be clarified, but not changed without objective evidence.
(Oshisis)
C is false because there is no rule that the audit team must meet formally immediately after the closing meeting to consider recommendations.
D is false because ISO 19011 says some closing meetings may be formal and recorded, but internal audits can be less formal, so they do not always have to be documented in that way. (Synersia Foundation) F is false because the audit team leader is responsible for managing the audit team and assigning roles.
H is false because the closing meeting should be chaired by the audit team leader, not by the audit client.
(Oshisis)
105. Frage
An internal auditor of a manufacturer of plastic packaging products for the food industry raised a nonconformity against section 10.2 of ISO 45001 in Report IA202. The nonconformity (NC3) stated: "The level of reported health and safety incidents has increased by 9.7% over the last 12 months. This included an increase in reported accidents." A third-party auditor reviewing the internal audit process came across the nonconformity and found that there was no evidence of having been reported to relevant staff. Select three of the following nonconformities that the auditor could raise to ISO 45001.
Antwort: A,D,F
Begründung:
Clause 10.2 requires organizations to investigate nonconformities, determine their causes, and take corrective actions to prevent recurrence. Clause 9.2.2 specifies the requirements for managing internal audit processes, while Clause 7.4.3 emphasizes the need to communicate relevant information effectively.
Analysis of Options:
* A. 9.2.2.e - Management failed to take any action to deal with the audit nonconformity:Correct.
Management must ensure that internal audit findings are addressed promptly. The lack of action violates Clause 9.2.2.e.
* B. 9.2.2.d - Staff were not made aware that health and safety incidents were increasing:Incorrect.
This clause pertains to the planning and conduct of audits, not the communication of findings.
* C. 8.1.1 - Operations were not properly controlled to avoid health and safety incidents:Incorrect.
While increased incidents may suggest operational issues, this option does not directly relate to the internal audit findings.
* D. 9.2.2 - Report IA202 contained a poorly worded nonconformity (NC3):Incorrect. The clarity of the nonconformity wording is not directly relevant to Clause 9.2.2.
* E. 10.2.b - The root cause of the increase in reported health and safety accidents was not investigated:Correct. Failure to investigate root causes violates Clause 10.2.b.
* F. 7.4.3 - The results of the internal audit IA202 were not communicated to interested parties:
Correct. Effective communication of audit results is required under Clause 7.4.3.
ISO References:
* Clause 9.2.2: Internal audit process requirements.
* Clause 10.2: Nonconformity and corrective action.
* Clause 7.4.3: Communication requirements.
106. Frage
Auditors should have certain knowledge and skills, while audit team leaders should have some additional knowledge and skills.
From the following list, select two that only apply to audit team leaders.
Antwort: C,D
Begründung:
ISO 19011 distinguishes the generic competence required of all auditors from the additional leadership competence required of an audit team leader. Planning the audit is a team-leader responsibility because the leader must translate the audit objectives, scope and criteria into an effective sequence of activities and coordinate the team ' s work. Likewise, the team leader must make effective use of audit resources, including available personnel, expertise and time, to ensure that the audit objectives can be achieved efficiently.
Sampling, applying a risk-based auditing approach, understanding relevant cultural or social factors and verifying collected information are competencies expected of auditors generally rather than being exclusive to team leaders. The ISO 19011 guidance specifically identifies planning the audit and making effective use of resources as additional audit-team-leader capabilities.
107. Frage
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