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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Advanced Routing Protocols | - OSPF Advanced Features
|
| Network Design and Troubleshooting | - Fault Diagnosis
|
| Network Services and Optimization | - QoS Fundamentals
|
| MPLS and VPN Technologies | - MPLS Fundamentals
|
| IP Network Technologies | - IS-IS Routing Protocol
|
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問題 #23
On the OSPF network shown in the figure:
* Area 1 is a common area .
* Area 2 is a totally NSSA (Not-So-Stubby Area) .
* Area 3 is an NSSA .
* R5 imports the external route 10.0.5.5/32 into OSPF .
Which of the following routers have the route 10.0.5.5/32 in their routing tables?
答案：A,B,C
解題說明：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Understanding OSPF Areas and Route Propagation in the Network:
* OSPF Area Types in the Question:
* Area 0 (Backbone Area) : Connects all areas and distributes routing information.
* Area 1 (Standard Area) : Regular OSPF area that can receive and forward external routes.
* Area 2 (Totally NSSA - Totally Not-So-Stubby Area) :
* Does not allow external routes except for a default route injected by the ABR.
* Area 3 (NSSA - Not-So-Stubby Area) :
* Allows external routes as Type 7 LSAs but does not accept Type 5 LSAs.
* How External Routes Are Advertised in This Scenario:
* R5 (in Area 3) imports 10.0.5.5/32 as an external route into OSPF.
* Since Area 3 is an NSSA , the external route is advertised as a Type 7 LSA (not Type 5).
* The ABR (R1) converts the Type 7 LSA into a Type 5 LSA and advertises it into Area 0.
* Once in Area 0 , this Type 5 LSA can be distributed to other areas except totally stubby or totally NSSA areas .
Route Distribution Analysis:
* R5 (Area 3) # R1 (Area 0, ABR) :
* R5 generates a Type 7 LSA for 10.0.5.5/32 .
* R1 (ABR) converts this Type 7 LSA into a Type 5 LSA and injects it into Area 0 .
* R2 (Area 0) # R3 (Area 0) :
* Since Area 0 allows external Type 5 LSAs , R2 and R3 receive 10.0.5.5/32 . # R2 and R3 have the route.
* R6 (Area 1) # Connected to Area 0 :
* Area 1 is a common area , meaning it can receive external Type 5 LSAs. # R6 has the route.
* R4 (Area 2 - Totally NSSA) :
* Totally NSSA areas do NOT accept Type 5 or Type 7 LSAs .
* Instead, they receive only a default route from the ABR (R3).
* Since R4 does not receive external routes explicitly, it does NOT have 10.0.5.5/32 . # R4 does NOT have the route.
Final Conclusion:
* # R2, R3, and R6 have the route 10.0.5.5/32 .
* # R4 does not have the route because Area 2 is a Totally NSSA and only gets a default route .
Thus, the correct answer is:
# R2, R3, and R6 have the route 10.0.5.5/32 in their routing tables.
Reference:
HCIP-Datacom-Advanced Routing & Switching Technology V1.0 - OSPF Route Types and Area Behavior Huawei Official HCIP-Datacom Study Guide - OSPF LSA Types and Route Filtering in NSSA & Totally NSSA Areas Huawei Documentation on Type 7 to Type 5 LSA Conversion in NSSA Areas
問題 #24
When there are multiple redundant links in the IS-IS network, multiple equal-cost routes may appear. For a certain route among the equal-cost routes, the network administrator can adjust its priority through the "nexthop xxxx weight value" command.
The smaller the value, the higher the priority.
答案：B
問題 #25
MPLS determines the upstream and downstream relationship based on the data forwarding direction. The MPLS label message is sent from the upstream LSR and received and processed by the downstream LSR. Similarly, the release of MPLS labels is also distributed one by one from upstream to downstream.
答案：A
問題 #26
Which of the following functions will affect BGP neighbor establishment? (Multiple choice)
答案：A,C,D
問題 #27
On the OSPFv3 network shown in the figure, OSPFv3 parameters use default values. The LSDB is checked on one of the devices. The router IDs of R1, R3, and R4 are 10.0.1.1, 10.0.3.3, and 10.0.4.4 respectively. The Origin Router part of some LSAs is hidden. Complete this part. (Tokens can be reused.) Match the Origin Router ID to the correct LSA entry below:
答案：
解題說明：
Explanation:
* Link-LSA (ID 0.0.0.4) : This LSA is originated by each router to describe its link-local IPv6 address and prefixes. The value 0.0.0.4 maps to the interface on R1 , which has Router ID 10.0.1.1 . # So the origin router is 10.0.1.1 .
* Network-LSA (ID 0.0.0.5) : This LSA is generated by the DR on the link. In the diagram, R4 (10.0.4.4) is connected to the shared network (GE0/0/1). # So the origin router is 10.0.4.4 .
* Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA (ID 0.0.0.1) : This LSA is used to describe routes from other areas and is generated by an ABR . In this case, R3 (Router ID 10.0.3.3) acts as the ABR. # So the origin router is
10.0.3.3 .
* Intra-Area-Prefix-LSA (ID 0.0.0.2) : This references a Network-LSA , and the reference type is 1 (Network-LSA). Since the Network-LSA (0.0.0.5) came from 10.0.4.4 , this also must have been generated by R4 . # So the origin router is 10.0.4.4 .
# Final Answer Summary:
Number
Origin Router
1
10.0.1.1
2
10.0.4.4
3
10.0.3.3
4
10.0.4.4
Official Huawei Extract:
" Each router in OSPFv3 generates Link-LSAs for each interface. The DR generates Network-LSAs.
ABRs generate Inter-Area LSAs, and the Intra-Area-Prefix LSA references either Router or Network LSAs depending on the link type. "
- [Huawei HCIA-Datacom OSPFv3 LSAs Section]
問題 #28
......
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