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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Supply Chain and Inventory Management | 20% | - Supply Chain Design
|
| Topic 2: Process Design and Analysis | 20% | - Process Types
|
| Topic 3: Quality Management Methods | 25% | - Total Quality Management (TQM)
|
| Topic 4: Forecasting and Project Management | 20% | - Project Management
|
| Topic 5: Capacity Planning and Facility Layout | 15% | - Capacity Concepts
|
>> Operations-Management考試證照 <<
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問題 #32
What are two ways management can assist employees' focus in a just-in-time (JIT) processing environment?
Choose 2 answers
答案：A,D
解題說明：
Management can assist employee focus in a JIT environment byproviding multifunctional trainingand developing incentive systems that reward performance.
Multifunctional trainingenables employees to:
* Perform multiple tasks
* Rotate between roles
* Support flexible staffing
* Respond quickly to disruptions
This flexibility is essential in JIT systems, where minimal buffers exist and disruptions must be resolved immediately.
Incentive systemsreinforce desired behaviors such as problem-solving, quality improvement, teamwork, and waste reduction. Rewards aligned with JIT objectives encourage employees to maintain discipline and continuous improvement.
The incorrect options conflict with JIT philosophy:
* Separating cultures undermines teamwork
* Forcing quality charting during free time creates resistance
Operations Management emphasizes that JIT success depends onpeople-centered management, not just technical tools.
問題 #33
A company manufactures and distributes its own products.
When should the company consider outsourcing its distribution?
答案：B
解題說明：
A company should consider outsourcing distributionwhen it determines that distribution is no longer a core function.
Operations Management defines core functions as activities that:
* Create competitive advantage
* Differentiate the firm
* Require proprietary knowledge or capabilities
If distribution does not meet these criteria, outsourcing can:
* Lower costs
* Improve service reliability
* Increase scalability
* Allow management to focus on strategic priorities
The other options do not justify outsourcing:
* Forecasting difficulty is a management issue
* Lowest-cost operators should retain distribution
* Regulations do not eliminate strategic relevance
Outsourcing decisions must align with long-term operations strategy, not short-term cost fluctuations.
問題 #34
In which organizational layout would one expect to see items arranged by type?
答案：B
解題說明：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (#250 words):
Aprocess layoutarranges itemsby type of activity or function, making it the correct answer.
In a process layout, similar resources-such as machines, skills, or functions-are grouped together. For example, all drilling machines are located in one area, all painting stations in another, and all inspection activities in another. Items move through the facility based on the specific operations they require.
This layout is commonly used when:
* Product variety is high
* Production volume is low to moderate
* Customization is required
Examples include hospitals (radiology, surgery, labs), machine shops, and repair facilities.
The other layouts differ fundamentally:
* Product layoutarranges items by sequence of operations
* Fixed layoutkeeps the product stationary (e.g., construction)
* Hybrid layoutcombines elements of process and product layouts
Operations Management favors process layouts for flexibility, but they often suffer from longer lead times, higher material handling costs, and complex scheduling. Despite these drawbacks, they are essential where customization and functional specialization dominate.
問題 #35
A company is experiencing an unusual amount of deliveries that are either late or an incorrect quantity.
Which type of system is used to identify and manage this type of problem?
答案：A
解題說明：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (#280 words):
The correct system to identify and manage frequent issues such aslate deliveries or incorrect quantitiesis MRP (Material Requirements Planning)(AnswerD).
MRP is designed to translate demand into detailed plans forwhat materials are needed, in what quantities, and when-and then to time-phased plan purchase and production orders accordingly. The document states that MRP combines detailed demand forecasts and actual requests, translates higher-level forecasts into more detailed requirements, and tracks customer requests. It also emphasizes that the MPS (which sets specific dates) is used to plan material requirements.
When deliveries are late or wrong quantities are shipped, a frequent root cause is that materials were not available when needed, orders were not released correctly, or priorities were mismanaged. MRP directly addresses these by:
* Exploding bills of materials into components
* Time-phasing planned orders
* Coordinating purchasing and production schedules
* Updating plans when demand or system status changes
ERP is broader (enterprise-wide integration), CRP focuses on comparing capacity vs workloads, and FMS is a production technology-not a planning system for material timing and quantities. Because the symptoms described are classic planning/coordination failures in materials and order timing,MRP is the best fit.
問題 #36
Which function does marketing play in a just-in-time (JIT) organization?
答案：D
解題說明：
In a just-in-time (JIT) organization,marketing focuses on customer-driven quality.
Marketing provides critical input on:
* Customer expectations
* Demand patterns
* Product features
* Service requirements
This information allows operations to design processes that meet actual customer needs rather than internal assumptions. JIT requires precise alignment between demand and production, and marketing ensures that quality is defined externally by customers.
The other options confuse marketing's role with operational execution:
* Inventory flow is managed by operations
* Assembly synchronization is a production function
* Producer-driven quality contradicts TQM principles
Operations Management stresses that JIT succeeds only whenmarketing and operations are tightly integrated, with marketing acting as the voice of the customer.
問題 #37
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