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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Demand Planning and Forecasting | - Issues and Trade-offs in Global Supply Chain Management - Spreadsheet Newsvendor Models - Revenue Management - Integrated View of Procurement, Manufacturing and Operations Management - Demand Forecasting and Purchase Price Variance (PPV) Savings - Supply Chain Issues for Short Life Cycle Products |
| Topic 2: E-Supply Chain Management | - Differences Between Logistics and Supply Chain Management - Information Flows and Information Systems Integration - Big Data and IoT in Supply Chain - Warehouse Management System (WMS) - Modern Fulfilment Tools and Applications in Supply Chain |
| Topic 3: Major Supply Chain Issues: Sourcing Materials and Services | - Introduction to Global Supply Chain Management - Role of Logistics in Supply Chains - Major Challenges in Supply Chain Management Today - Inventory Management - Developing Productive Supplier Relationships in a Competitive Market |
| Topic 4: Distribution and Operations Management | - Stock Management - Order Management - Warehouse Management - Introduction to Distribution Network - Transport Management |
| Topic 5: Principles of Supply Chain Management & Logistics | - Introduction to Supply Chain Management - Management Components of Supply Chain Management - Supply Chain Processes - Factors Affecting Supply Chain Management |
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質問 # 83
The practice of combining shipments for several retailers on the same truck is known as
正解：C
解説：
A milk run is a transportation arrangement in which one vehicle follows a planned route involving multiple pickup or delivery locations rather than making a separate dedicated trip for each destination. Combining shipments for several retailers on the same truck is therefore a classic milk-run application.
The primary advantage is transportation consolidation. Individual retailer requirements may be too small to economically justify a dedicated truckload. Combining those requirements allows greater vehicle utilization while preserving relatively frequent deliveries. Milk runs can therefore reduce transportation cost per unit, lower individual shipment sizes, and support smaller inventory lots at downstream locations.
An LTL shipment refers more broadly to freight that does not occupy an entire trailer and is normally consolidated by an LTL carrier with other customers' freight. That is not the specific routing practice described here. A truckload shipment generally refers to a dedicated or sufficiently large shipment using an entire vehicle. An ASN-Advanced Shipping Notice-is an electronic information message advising the receiver about an incoming shipment; it is not a transportation route.
Milk-run design is particularly useful where several customers or suppliers are geographically clustered and demand regular, relatively small replenishment quantities.
Reference Topic: Transportation and Logistics - Milk Runs, Shipment Consolidation, and Route Design.
質問 # 84
Cycle inventory is primarily held to
正解：D
解説：
Cycle inventory is the average inventory created when a supply-chain stage orders or produces in quantities larger than the immediate rate of customer consumption. The principal economic justification is to exploit economies of scale in purchasing, production, ordering, and transportation and thereby reduce total supply- chain cost.
For example, placing a purchase order may involve administrative and transportation expenses that are incurred regardless of whether the order contains 10 units or 1,000 units. Similarly, manufacturing may require a setup each time a production run begins. By processing a larger lot, these fixed costs can be distributed across more units. That reduces the ordering, setup, or transportation cost per unit.
The trade-off is that larger lots produce more cycle inventory and consequently greater holding cost. Effective inventory management therefore does not simply maximize lot size. Instead, it balances scale economies against the cost of carrying additional inventory.
A diseconomy of scale would mean cost increases as the activity expands, which would provide no economic justification for intentionally carrying cycle inventory. Likewise, increasing overall supply-chain cost is contrary to the objective of inventory optimization.
Therefore, option D correctly expresses both the economic mechanism and objective.
Reference Topic: Inventory and Warehousing - Cycle Inventory and Economies of Scale.
質問 # 85
The full benefit of coordination is achieved when
正解：A
解説：
True supply-chain coordination requires optimization of the entire network , not merely individual relationships between neighboring organizations. A manufacturer and distributor may successfully coordinate their decisions, yet the total supply chain can still perform poorly if suppliers, retailers, logistics providers, or other stages pursue objectives that conflict with end-to-end performance.
The purpose of coordination is to align decisions so that each stage considers its effect on total supply-chain value and surplus. This includes synchronized demand information, inventory policies, replenishment decisions, capacity, transportation, promotions, and commercial incentives. Pairwise coordination improves local performance, but local optimization does not guarantee global optimization.
Sharing POS data is an important coordination mechanism because it increases visibility of actual customer demand. However, information sharing alone does not ensure that capacity, pricing, inventory, transportation, and incentive decisions across the whole network are aligned. The full benefit therefore occurs only when the supply chain is managed as an integrated system.
Established supply-chain coordination guidance states explicitly that it is insufficient for only two stages to coordinate and that the greatest benefit arises when the entire supply-chain network is coordinated .
Reference Topic: Supply Chain Strategy - End-to-End Coordination and Network Optimization.
質問 # 86
Wanting to make sure your raw material is in place for on demand manufacturing is an example of what?
正解：C
解説：
The best answer is limited fixed asset usage . In an on-demand manufacturing model, the organization attempts to delay production until genuine customer requirements are known rather than building and storing large quantities of finished goods in advance. Maintaining appropriate raw-material availability supports this postponement strategy.
The advantage is that the organization does not need to commit the same level of warehouse space, finished- goods storage infrastructure, and other fixed resources required by a traditional build-to-stock model.
Materials can be positioned so that production occurs when demand is triggered, allowing assets to be used more selectively and reducing the need for excess finished-goods capacity.
Raw-material availability remains critical because an on-demand system cannot respond quickly if production must wait for basic inputs. Thus, supply planning must synchronize material availability with flexible manufacturing capability. Research on on-demand manufacturing similarly emphasizes its role in reducing customers' need for on-site inventory and increasing manufacturing flexibility.
Although this approach may also contribute to cost reduction, the wording of the question is specifically aimed at the benefit of avoiding unnecessary fixed-asset commitment.
Reference Topic: Production and Operations Alignment - On-Demand Manufacturing, Postponement, and Asset Utilization.
質問 # 87
There are how many components to a supply chain information system (SCIS) database?
正解：A
解説：
The appropriate answer is four . Within the supply-chain information-system framework relevant to this question, SCIS information is organized around four major supply-chain aspects: customer relationship management, supplier relationship management, logistical operations, and internal supply-chain management .
These four areas provide the information foundation required for integrated supply-chain operations.
Customer-related information supports demand visibility, order management, service, and market responsiveness. Supplier information enables sourcing, procurement, supplier evaluation, and inbound coordination. Logistics information supports inventory, warehousing, transportation, and fulfillment. Internal supply-chain information connects planning, manufacturing, resource management, and enterprise operations.
The importance of this architecture is integration. A supply-chain information system should not operate as an isolated logistics database; it must connect data generated by multiple functional and organizational relationships. That integrated information can then support transaction processing, management control, decision analysis, and strategic planning.
Supply-chain information-system instructional material explicitly identifies four different aspects : CRM, supplier relationship management, logistical operations, and internal supply-chain management.
Therefore, the correct numerical selection among the alternatives is D. 4 .
Reference Topic: Technology, Analytics and Digital Transformation - Supply Chain Information Systems and Integrated Supply Chain Data.
質問 # 88
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