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NEW QUESTION # 53
An oil and gas company recently faced a security breach when an employee's notepad, which contained critical login credentials, was stolen. The incident led to unauthorized access to a user account, which posed a significant risk to sensitive company data and operations. The company wants to adopt a security measure that enhances user account protection. Which action must be taken to prevent breaches like this from happening in the future?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The scenario described-where physical theft of written credentials led to a breach-is a classic failure of single-factor authentication. To mitigate this risk, the company must implementMulti-Factor Authentication (MFA). MFA requires users to provide two or more verification factors to gain access to a resource, typically categorized as something you know (password), something you have (a smartphone or hardware token), or something you are (biometrics).
According to Cisco Security Infrastructure design best practices, MFA (such asCisco Duo) ensures that even if an attacker possesses valid credentials (the "something you know" from the stolen notepad), they cannot gain access without the second factor (the "something you have"). This effectively neutralizes the threat of stolen passwords.Single Sign-On (SSO)(Option B) improves user experience and centralizes management but does not, by itself, stop an attacker who has the master password.Updating the RADIUS server(Option C) is a maintenance task that doesn't change the authentication logic, and apassword expiration policy(Option D) would only limit the "shelf life" of the stolen credentials rather than preventing their initial use. MFA is the most robust architectural control for enhancing identity security and is a core pillar of a Zero Trust framework.
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NEW QUESTION # 54
A technology company has many remote workers who access corporate resources from various locations. The company must ensure that security policies are managed and enforced directly on endpoints, and endpoints are protected from threats regardless of location. Which firewall architecture meets the requirements?
Answer: B
Explanation:
As organizations shift toward a "borderless" or hybrid work model, the traditional perimeter-based security model becomes insufficient. When employees work from home, coffee shops, or airports, they are no longer behind the enterprise's physicalNext-Generation Firewall (NGFW)(Option A). To ensure that security policies are enforced "regardless of location," the security must move with the device.
Ahost-based firewallis a software-defined firewall that resides directly on the endpoint (laptop, workstation, or server). In the Cisco ecosystem, this is often a component ofCisco Secure ClientorCisco Secure Endpoint
. Because the firewall is local to the operating system, it can enforce strict inbound and outbound traffic rules even when the user is not connected to a VPN. This protects the device from lateral movement threats on untrusted local networks (like a public Wi-Fi) and ensures that only authorized applications can communicate over the network.
While an NGFW (Option A) provides superior deep packet inspection for the corporate perimeter, and aWeb Application Firewall (WAF)(Option C) protects web servers from application-layer attacks, neither provides the local, location-independent protection required for a distributed remote workforce. Implementing a host- based firewall aligns with theZero Trustarchitecture promoted by Cisco, where the endpoint itself becomes a micro-perimeter capable of self-protection.
NEW QUESTION # 55
Which design policy addresses harmful content creation by generative AI?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The creation of harmful content (such as hate speech, misinformation, or malicious code) by generative AI models is a major concern in modern security design. The most effective design policy to mitigate this is the Human-in-the-loop (HITL)approach. This involves integrating human oversight and intervention at various stages of the AI's operation, particularly during the verification of the model's output before it is published or acted upon.
According to Cisco SDSI objectives regarding AI security, HITL ensures that automated decisions are subject to ethical judgment and contextual awareness that AI currently lacks. Humans can provide "Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback" (RLHF) to tune the model's safety filters, ensuring it refuses to generate toxic or prohibited content. WhileWatermarking(Option B) helps identify content as AI-generated after the fact, it does not prevent thecreationof harmful material.Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG)(Option C) is a technique for grounding AI in specific data to reduce "hallucinations" but doesn't inherently filter for harmful intent.Quantum resistant encryption(Option A) is a cryptographic standard unrelated to content moderation. HITL remains the primary safeguard for ensuring AI outputs align with safety guidelines and organizational requirements.
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NEW QUESTION # 56
A legal services company wants to prevent remote employees from accessing personal email and social media accounts while using corporate laptops. Which security solution enforces the policy?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Cisco Umbrella provides DNS-layer security and content filtering, allowing organizations to block categories such as personal email and social media. This enforces acceptable-use policies for remote employees regardless of where they connect, ensuring corporate devices comply with security requirements.
NEW QUESTION # 57
Refer to the exhibit.
A retail company recently deployed a file inspection feature using secure endpoint. The file inspection must detect and prevent the execution of malicious files on machines. During testing, logs showed that certain malicious files are still being executed despite the presence of the security measure. To understand why the threats are not being blocked, it is essential to investigate the configuration of secure endpoint policies. Which configuration is allowing the files to execute?
Answer: B
Explanation:
In the provided exhibit of theCisco Secure Endpoint (formerly AMP for Endpoints)console, the "Activity Details" pane on the right side provides the specific reason why the malicious file was allowed to execute.
The log clearly states:"The file was not quarantined. In audit only mode."This indicates that while the system correctly identified the file (iodnxvg.exe) as malicious and categorized it with a threat name (W32.
DFC.MalParent), it took no preventative action because of the policy configuration.
In Cisco Secure Endpoint, policies can be set to different modes.Audit Modeis typically used during the initial deployment or testing phase to gain visibility into what would be blocked without actually disrupting business operations. In this mode, the connector logs events and alerts administrators but does not move the file to a secure quarantine area. To fulfill the requirement ofpreventingthe execution of malicious files, the security designer must change the policy from "Audit" to a protective mode, such asProtectorQuarantine.
This ensures that the engine actively intervenes when a threat signature or suspicious behavior is detected.
While the file is confirmed as malicious (negating Option A) and the system is clearly active and logging (negating Option C), the lack of enforcement is a direct result of the specific operational mode selected.
Option B is incorrect because, although network blocking is a feature, the primary failure here is at the file execution/quarantine layer. This scenario emphasizes the importance of moving from a visibility-centric posture to an enforcement-centric posture in a mature secure infrastructure design.
NEW QUESTION # 58
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