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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Data Quality Operations | - Data Quality Tools and Technologies - Monitoring and Reporting |
| Topic 2: Data Quality Improvement | - Root Cause Analysis - Data Cleansing Methods |
| Topic 3: Data Quality Fundamentals | - Data Quality Dimensions (Accuracy, Completeness, Consistency, Timeliness, Validity, Uniqueness) - Definition of Data Quality |
| Topic 4: Data Quality Assessment | - Data Quality Metrics and KPIs - Data Profiling Techniques |
| Topic 5: Data Quality Management | - Roles and Responsibilities (Data Stewardship) - Data Quality Governance |
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質問 # 40
In 2009, ARMA International published GARP for managing records and information. GARP stands for:
正解：E
解説：
GARP stands for Generally Accepted Recordkeeping Principles. ARMA International developed the framework to describe the characteristics of an effective records and information-management program. The principles address accountability, transparency, integrity, protection, compliance, availability, retention, and disposition.
These principles align closely with DAMA-DMBOK2's treatment of Document and Content Management.
Information must be created, organized, protected, maintained, retrieved, retained, and ultimately disposed of according to business, legal, regulatory, and historical requirements. Records management is therefore not simply about long-term storage. It establishes controls throughout the information lifecycle.
For example, the Integrity principle addresses the authenticity and reliability of records. Availability requires information to be retrievable accurately and efficiently. Retention requires organizations to keep records for justified periods, while Disposition governs appropriate final handling after those obligations expire.
These controls interact directly with Data Quality. Records that cannot be found, trusted, interpreted, or demonstrated to be authentic are not fit for their intended purpose even if they physically exist.
Metadata Management supplies classification, retention, provenance, ownership, and lifecycle metadata necessary to implement these principles consistently.
Reference Topics: DAMA-DMBOK2 - Document and Content Management; Records Management; GARP; Retention; Disposition; Integrity; Metadata Management.
質問 # 41
Critical to the incremental development of the data warehouse is:
正解：A
解説：
A strong Release Management process is critical when a Data Warehouse evolves incrementally. DAMA- DMBOK2 states directly that Release Management supports incremental development by coordinating new capabilities, enhancements, production deployment, and recurring maintenance of deployed warehouse assets.
A Data Warehouse is rarely completed in one implementation. Business requirements evolve, additional subject areas are onboarded, models are extended, transformation rules change, new reports are introduced, and defects are corrected. Release Management provides the controlled mechanism for packaging these changes into predictable production increments.
This requires prioritization of the backlog, coordination between business and technical teams, regression testing, deployment control, documentation, reconciliation, and validation of new or changed data structures.
Without disciplined release management, incremental development can produce incompatible transformations, unstable reports, inconsistent historical treatment, and uncontrolled changes to definitions.
Data Quality should therefore form part of each release gate. New mappings and transformations should be profiled and reconciled; quality thresholds should be retested; metadata and lineage must be updated; and known exceptions should be documented.
Agile development may be used as a delivery method, but DAMA specifically identifies Release Management as the process critical to sustaining incremental warehouse evolution.
Reference Topics: DAMA-DMBOK2 Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence - Maintain Data Products; Release Management; Incremental Development; Chapter 13 - Quality Monitoring and Change Control.
質問 # 42
A goal of reference and master data management is for data to ensure shared data is:
正解：B
解説：
DAMA-DMBOK2 explicitly identifies a core goal of Reference and Master Data Management as ensuring that shared Master and Reference Data is complete, consistent, current, and authoritative across organizational processes.
Complete means required shared entities and attributes are sufficiently populated for their intended use.
Consistent means equivalent data has compatible meaning and representation wherever it is consumed.
Current means the information reflects an acceptably recent state. Authoritative means the organization recognizes a trusted source or governed process for determining the accepted value.
These characteristics are particularly important because Master and Reference Data is reused widely. An incorrect Product classification, Customer identifier, Country code, or Supplier status can therefore propagate defects across many systems and business processes.
DAMA also emphasizes that shared Master and Reference Data belongs to the organization rather than to a single application or department. This creates a strong requirement for enterprise stewardship and governance.
Reference and Master Data Management consequently interacts directly with Chapter 13. MDM can consolidate and distribute shared data, but it does not guarantee quality automatically. Matching, survivorship, validation, standardization, stewardship, and continuous monitoring are required to ensure the resulting records remain trustworthy.
Reference Topics: DAMA-DMBOK2 Chapter 10 - Reference and Master Data Management Goals; Shared Data; Authoritative Sources; Stewardship; Chapter 13 - Completeness, Consistency and Currency.
質問 # 43
A data lake and a data warehouse are the same concepts in so far as:
正解：B
解説：
Although Data Lakes and Data Warehouses have materially different architectures, both support the broader objective of making organizational data available for reporting, analysis, analytics, and decision support.
Therefore, option B identifies their legitimate conceptual overlap.
A traditional Data Warehouse generally contains integrated, curated, structured data designed for repeatable Business Intelligence, reporting, and analytical workloads. A Data Lake typically retains larger volumes of raw or less-structured information and supports flexible processing, exploration, Data Science, and advanced analytics. Both can therefore participate in analytical data pipelines even though their approaches to schema, transformation, governance, and consumption differ.
They do not inherently duplicate every item of operational data. Nor must a Data Lake produce dimensional or star-schema models; that modeling approach is more closely associated with traditional warehouse implementations. Governance is required for both rather than being the defining difference between them.
From a Data Quality standpoint, warehouses typically apply substantial cleansing and conformity before consumption. Lakes may retain raw values and defer interpretation, which increases the importance of metadata, provenance, cataloging, profiling, and consumer awareness.
Reference Topics: DAMA-DMBOK2 - Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence; Big Data; Data Lakes; Analytical Data; Metadata; Chapter 13 - Data Preparation and Fitness for Purpose.
質問 # 44
Profiling reveals that an Age field has a minimum value of -7 and a maximum value of 263. What should the Data Quality team do first?
正解：C
解説：
The values should first be treated as potential exceptions requiring investigation. Profiling identifies anomalies; it does not automatically prove that every unusual value is incorrect or specify the appropriate remediation.
Negative age and 263 years are highly improbable for a conventional person-age attribute, suggesting a validity or reasonableness defect. However, the Data Quality team should confirm the business definition, unit of measure, derivation logic, source mappings, special-value conventions, and intended population before changing the records.
Blindly replacing values with an average introduces fabricated data and destroys traceability. Deleting the records may also remove legitimate information elsewhere in the record. Increasing the datatype range addresses technical storage rather than semantic correctness.
A disciplined Data Quality process moves from profiling to rule validation, issue assessment, root-cause analysis, remediation, and monitoring. The business rule may ultimately specify an acceptable age range, but that rule should be governed and documented rather than inferred from individual anomalies.
Metadata is essential because it should describe whether Age is stored directly, calculated from Date of Birth, or encoded using another convention.
Reference Topics: DAMA-DMBOK2 Chapter 13 - Profiling; Validity; Reasonableness; Root-Cause Analysis; Data Quality Rules; Metadata.
質問 # 45
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