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PECB ISO-14001-Lead-Auditor 認定試験の出題範囲：

トピック	出題範囲
トピック 1	Preparing an ISO 14001 audit: This domain measures the competence of audit consultants in planning and preparing for an ISO 14001 audit. It covers audit objectives, scope, criteria, and developing the audit plan, ensuring readiness for an efficient and objective audit.
トピック 2	Conducting an ISO 14001 audit: This part tests the practical skills of EMS auditors in executing the audit, including conducting meetings, collecting audit evidence, interviewing personnel, and documenting findings in accordance with ISO 14001 standards.
トピック 3	Fundamental audit concepts and principles: This section of the exam assesses the grasp EMS auditors have on core audit principles such as integrity, fair presentation, due professional care, and evidence-based evaluation. It ensures auditors can apply these principles consistently in the audit process.
トピック 4	Environmental management system requirement:This section evaluates the ability of audit consultants to interpret and apply the specific requirements of ISO 14001. It focuses on understanding the structure of the standard, including context of the organization, leadership, planning, support, operations, and performance evaluation.

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PECB Certified EMS ISO 14001 Lead Auditor Exam 認定 ISO-14001-Lead-Auditor 試験問題 (Q37-Q42):

質問 # 37
A group of 22 Italian restaurants in downtown San Francisco (US) established an EMS following the requirements of ISO 14001. You are performing an internal audit before the fourth certification cycle. The audit plan included an audit of the General Manager (GM) as the last interview before the closing meeting.
During the interview with the GM, you audit clause 10.3 (Continual improvement). The dialogue is as follows.
You: Could you please tell me how did you improve the EMS to enhance environmental performance (Clause
10.3)?
GM: One way to improve the EMS is to improve one or several of its processes. We decided to improve the water-consuming processes in all our branches. We use water in many of our processes (e.g. to wash our kitchens, our cutlery, plates, and glasses, to keep our floors clean). The idea was to review these processes in detail to reduce the amount of water used per customer. Each of the 22 branches sent us their results, we analysed the data and found out that the average water consumption per customer was reduced by 13%; therefore, we improved our environmental performance. We are happy about that.
You: What about the results in each branch?
GM: Have a look at this table:

Analysing this table, what would be your decision related to raising nonconformities to clause 10.3? Select two.

A. I would raise an opportunity for improvement for branches in B, C, and D
B. I would raise a nonconformity for branches in B
C. I would raise a nonconformity for branches in C and D
D. I would not raise any nonconformity
E. I would raise a nonconformity for branches in D
F. I would raise a nonconformity for the whole group

正解：A、E

質問 # 38
Which one of the following outcomes of an audit does not require the auditee to respond?

A. A conformity.
B. An opportunity for improvement.
C. A non-conformity.
D. A diverging opinion concerning the audit evidence.

正解：A

解説：
According to ISO 19011:2018 Clause 3.11 (Audit findings) and Clause 6.4.10:
Audit findings can be conformity, nonconformity, or opportunity for improvement.
A conformity simply confirms that the requirements have been met no further action is required from the auditee.
Nonconformities require corrective actions.
Opportunities for improvement may trigger voluntary action but not mandatory response.
Diverging opinions are handled during the audit but don't require post-audit response unless linked to nonconformity.
Reference: ISO 19011:2018 Clause 3.11, 6.4.10; ISO 14001 Lead Auditor Guide - Audit Findings.

質問 # 39
You are a third-party auditor of XM, a logistics organisation located in a European country, that distributes a wide range of products to local customers but also to customers in several neighbouring countries. Close to the distribution warehouse, you see many trucks loading and unloading goods. Almost 50 per cent of the trucks are owned by XM, the remainder are subcontracted from other organisations.
You have the following dialogue with the Warehouse Manager:
You: I see that not all trucks belong to XM.
WM: Sometimes we need additional trucks from other organisations nearby. Obviously, we cannot control their energy consumption since they come with the trucks half full of their own goods.
You: How did you inform them of the EMS?
WM: You know, they are not used to the complicated words in our policy. I have just told them: "Save energy".
You: What about your trucks?
WM: We measure the fuel they used on each trip, the distance they drove and the weight of goods they distributed. They know the roads and we ask them to choose the shortest route - we rely on them.
You: Did you fix any indicators and objectives related to energy consumption?
WM: No, we know they are careful people, they do their best. We would not be able to improve consumption.
This dialogue is related to several clauses of ISO 14001. Identify which three clauses below are related to this dialogue.

A. 7.4.2
B. 5.2
C. 8.1
D. 9.3
E. 6.1.3
F. 9.2
G. 10.3
H. 6.1.1

正解：B、C、G

解説：
The three clauses most directly related to this dialogue are 5.2, 8.1 and 10.3 .
B). Clause 5.2 - Environmental policy
The Warehouse Manager refers to the environmental policy as "complicated words" and says subcontracted truck operators were only told to "Save energy." Clause 5.2 requires the environmental policy to be communicated within the organisation and to be available to interested parties. The policy also provides the framework for environmental objectives and includes the organisation's commitment to environmental protection and continual improvement.
F). Clause 8.1 - Operational planning and control
The use of subcontracted trucks is directly relevant to operational control. ISO 14001 requires the organisation to control or influence outsourced processes and to communicate relevant environmental requirements to external providers. XM cannot simply state that it has no control over subcontracted transport; it must determine the type and extent of control or influence it can apply, considering a life-cycle perspective.
H). Clause 10.3 - Continual improvement
The Warehouse Manager says, "We would not be able to improve consumption." This conflicts with the ISO
14001 requirement for continual improvement of the EMS to enhance environmental performance. Since XM already measures fuel used, distance travelled and weight distributed, there is a basis for analysing performance and identifying improvement opportunities.
The other clauses are less directly applicable:
6.1.1 concerns planning actions to address risks and opportunities, but the dialogue is more specifically about policy, outsourced operational control and improvement.
6.1.3 concerns compliance obligations, which are not the focus of the dialogue.
7.4.2 concerns internal communication, while the key issue here involves subcontracted/external transport providers, which is better addressed under 8.1 .
9.2 concerns internal audits, and 9.3 concerns management review; neither is directly raised in the dialogue.

質問 # 40
Considering the requirements of clauses 6.1.2 and 6.1.4 of ISO 14001:2015, put the actions in the correct order to complete a process/task.

正解：

解説：

Explanation:

Determine environmental aspects
Determine environmental impacts
Establish criteria to determine the significance of impacts
Determine which impacts are significant
Determine which aspects are significant
Plan actions to be taken
Determine how to evaluate the effectiveness of the actions taken
According to ISO 14001:2015 clause 6.1.2 (Environmental Aspects), an organization must determine the environmental aspects of its activities, products, and services that it can control and influence, and their associated environmental impacts.
Once identified, the organization shall:
Determine the aspects that can have significant impact on the environment using established criteria for evaluating significance. (Reference: ISO 14001:2015, clause 6.1.2) Then, as per clause 6.1.4 (Planning action), the organization needs to:
Plan actions to address significant environmental aspects, legal requirements, and risks/opportunities.
Determine how to evaluate the effectiveness of these actions to ensure continual improvement.
This logical sequence ensures a structured and risk-based approach to identifying and managing environmental impacts.
Reference: ISO 14001:2015 - Clause 6.1.2 and 6.1.4

質問 # 41
An organisation (ABC) plans to carry out a second-party audit of the environmental management system of a supplier (XYZ). Both, ABC and XYZ, have a certified Environmental Management System (EMS) to ISO
14001 by the same certification body.
Which one of these statements is correct?

A. ABC should invite, as an observer, an auditor of the certification body when it carries out the audit to XYZ.
B. ABC should not ask permission from the certification body to carry out the audit to XYZ.
C. ABC should inform the certification body that it is planning to audit XYZ.
D. ABC should request to see a copy of the last certification body audit report from XYZ.

正解：B

解説：
According to ISO 19011:2018 Clause 3.5 (Second-party audit):
Second-party audits are conducted directly by customers on their suppliers for contractual or commercial purposes.
There is no obligation to inform or involve the certification body in such audits unless contractually required.
Certification body audit reports are confidential to the certified organization and the certification body.
Reference: ISO 19011:2018 Clause 3.5; ISO 14001 Lead Auditor Course Guide.

質問 # 42
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