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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Surveying | 20% | - Measurement and calculation techniques
|
| Materials Testing | 20% | - Soil mechanics and testing
|
| Transportation Engineering | 20% | - Traffic engineering
|
| Structural Design Fundamentals | 20% | - Design of structural elements
|
| Municipal Engineering | 20% | - Wastewater and stormwater management
|
>> Civil-Engineering-Technology最新対策問題 <<
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質問 # 33
In the middle of the project, the client proposed an additional scope of work that requires a change order to the contract. Which statement applies to the contractor's percentage fee (i.e., mark-up) that should be added to the total amount in the change order?
正解：B
解説：
A change order is a formal amendment to the contract that adjusts scope, price, and/or time under therules already established by the contract documents. The contractor's fee (markup for overhead and profit) is not typically set unilaterally mid-project by either party; instead, the contract commonly defines how change work is priced (lump sum, unit rates, time-and-material) and what allowable markups apply. Industry guidance on change-order costing notes that the markup percentage is oftenincluded up front in the construction contractand applied consistently to change work, ensuring transparency and avoiding disputes during administration. This approach is consistent with standard contract administration practice: pricing of changes is governed by contract terms, and the change order documents implement those terms for a specific modification. Therefore, the contractor's percentage fee to be added to the change order amount isspecified in the contract documents.
質問 # 34
A civil engineering technologist needs to recommend a foundation design for a commercial building. The borehole logs identify unsuitable bearing soils beneath the proposed floor elevation to a depth of 4 m and shallow bedrock at 5 m. Which of the following types of design should the technologist recommend?
正解：C
解説：
The subsurface profile indicates a weak/unsuitable bearing stratum extending several metres below the proposed founding level, withcompetent bedrock close beneath(shallow bedrock at about 5 m). Shallow foundations (slab-on-grade or strip footings) depend on adequate near-surface bearing capacity and acceptable settlement; with unsuitable soils to 4 m, shallow options would risk excessive settlement or bearing failure unless major ground improvement is performed. Where a strong bearing stratum such as bedrock is available at practical depth,end-bearing pilesare commonly selected to transfer structural loads through weak soils and seat on (or be socketed into) the competent stratum. Engineering references define end-bearing piles as piles driven/drilled to a firm layer/bedrock so that axial load is carried primarily inend bearingrather than relying on skin friction in weak compressible soils. With shallow bedrock, end-bearing piles provide a direct and reliable load path and reduce settlement uncertainty versus friction piles in poor soils.
質問 # 35
The k-value in a vertical curve design defines the horizontal distance required to make a 1% change in the gradient. Provided that the stopping sight distance is the same, the uphill grade is 1%, the downhill grade is #0.
5%, and the design speed is 90 km/h, what is the length of the vertical curve?
正解：D
解説：
For vertical curves, AASHTO uses theK valuedefined as, whereis curve length (m) andis the algebraic difference in grades (percent). Here,and, so. Withstopping sight distance controlled by the same criterion(i.
e., the applicable K value for the given design speed remains the same), length is found from. For 90 km/h, the SSD-based K for the controlling curve type yieldsthat corresponds to60 mforper the provided choices.
This reflects standard vertical-curve practice: once K is set by SSD for the design speed, length scales linearly with the grade difference.
質問 # 36
Which are five different types of driver maneuvers a technologist must consider when designing an at-grade intersection?
正解：C
解説：
At-grade intersection design is governed by how vehicle paths interact-i.e., the fundamentalconflict types and maneuver classes that must be accommodated by geometry, channelization, and traffic control. AASHTO' s intersection chapter explicitly categorizes vehicular conflict points and illustrates them using the maneuver typesdiverging, merging, and crossing, and it addresses how turning movements create and interact with these conflicts within the functional area of intersections.
In addition, AASHTO describesweavingas the condition where one-way traffic streams cross bymerging and divergingmaneuvers-another key operational behavior that affects design and level of service.
Putting these together, the five maneuvers a technologist must consider in intersection design arediverging, merging, weaving, crossing, and turning, which corresponds exactly toOption B.
質問 # 37
The delay in the delivery of a critical item may affect the completion date for a project. Which of the following would be the best course of action?
正解：C
解説：
Critical-item delivery risk is a schedule risk that can affect the project finish date, especially if the item lies on or near the critical path. Good project coordination requirestimely, accurate communicationto stakeholders and proactive risk management. Informing the client early allows transparent expectation management, supports decision-making on mitigation (re-sequencing, alternate materials, expediting, temporary works), and reduces the likelihood of disputes later. Status reporting guidance emphasizes that project reports should communicate current issues/risks and their impacts so corrective actions can be taken and forecasts updated.
Withholding information (option C) is unethical and harmful; simply continuing as planned (B) ignores a known risk; insisting a supplier meet original dates (D) may be attempted but is not always feasible and does not replace proper stakeholder notification and replanning. Therefore, the best course is toinform the client of possible delaysand then coordinate mitigation actions through the project controls process.
質問 # 38
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