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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| SD-WAN | - Traffic steering
|
| Enterprise Firewall | - Authentication and Access Control
|
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NEW QUESTION # 141
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of diagnose sys session list.
If the HA ID for the primary device is 0, what happens if the primary fails and the secondary becomes the primary?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The decisive session-state flag is synced. Fortinet defines this flag as indicating that the session has been synchronized to the other HA members. The session was created on HA member 0, and a synchronized copy is available to the secondary device.
The FortiOS 7.6 Administrator Study Guide states: "When you enable session synchronization, the new primary can resume communication for sessions after a failover event." It further explains that session pickup allows existing sessions to continue through the newly elected primary with minimal or no interruption.
Therefore, the established TCP session remains usable, and the client does not need to establish a new connection.
The may_dirty flag does not mean that the session is currently dirty. It identifies an allowed session that can be marked dirty later if a firewall-policy, routing, or related configuration change requires re- evaluation. The output does not contain the separate dirty flag. Additionally, app_ntf represents block-notification handling; it does not prove that application control is inspecting the session. The fields app_list=0 and app=0 reinforce this.
The allow_err values are session statistics and do not cause session deletion. Although act=snat and act=dnat confirm NAT, the translation tuples are part of the synchronized session state and do not independently require re-evaluation after FGCP failover.
References: High Availability - Cluster Synchronization and HA Failover , pages 456 and 463; Fortinet: HA session failover ; Fortinet: Session-table information .
NEW QUESTION # 142
Refer to the exhibits.
An administrator is testing application steering in SD-WAN. Before generating test traffic, the administrator collected the SD-WAN service and ISDB application-cache information shown in the first exhibit. After generating GoToMeeting test traffic, the administrator examined the corresponding traffic logs on FortiAnalyzer.
The administrator noticed that some traffic matched the implicit SD-WAN rule, but expected the traffic to match rule ID 1.
Which two reasons explain why some log messages show that the traffic matched the implicit SD-WAN rule?
(Choose two.)
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed 100 to 150 words of Explanation From Secure Networking Architect Study Guides topics:
Application-based SD-WAN steering depends on FortiGate being able to associate the new session with an already identified application. The SD-WAN 7.6 guide explains that the ISDB application cache contains an application ID, ISDB application ID, and 3-tuple, and FortiGate uses these values when matching an SD- WAN rule. If the new session ' s 3-tuple is absent from the cache, FortiGate cannot initially identify it as GoToMeeting for rule 1, so normal processing can select the implicit rule.
Application identification can occur only after traffic has already entered the session. That identification does not retroactively change the initial routing decision for packets already associated with the session.
GoToMeeting belongs to the Collaboration criteria shown for rule 1, so A is false. Full SSL inspection is not intrinsically required for this SD-WAN application-cache mechanism, eliminating D.
NEW QUESTION # 143
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a partial output of a real-time LDAP debug.
What two conclusions can you draw from the output? (Choose two.)
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
The exhibit includes these key debug lines:
* start_search_dn-base: ' DC=TAC,DC=ottawa,DC=fortinet,DC=com ' filter:sAMAccountName=jsmith
* get_all_dn-Found DN 1:CN=John Smith,CN=Users,DC=TAC,DC=ottawa,DC=fortinet,DC=com The study guide explains that in regular bind , LDAP authentication has four steps , and that during step 2 , FortiGate searches the LDAP tree to find the user's DN:
"During the second step, FortiGate does a search query in the LDAP database to find the user's location-in other words, the user's DN. If the user is found, the server replies with the user's DN." It also states for the real-time debug of step 2:
"An fnbamd_ldap_build_dn_search_req-base message indicates that FortiGate is performing step two:
searching for the user in the LDAP tree. This message includes the base branch (distinguished name setting) and the name of the attribute used to locate the user... If the LDAP server finds the user, the output shows the user's full DN." That directly proves:
* D is correct because the debug is showing step 2: Search Request
* A is correct because the base DN and found DN are under DC=TAC,DC=ottawa,DC=fortinet, DC=com, which corresponds to the LDAP domain/tree root TAC.ottawa.fortinet.com Why the other options are wrong:
* B is wrong because binding with the user's credentials is step 3 , not the step shown here. The study guide says: "Step 3 - Bind user credentials" and shows that this happens later with fnbamd_ldap_build_userbind_req / __ldap_build_bind_req-Binding to ' CN=John Smith... '
* C is wrong because collecting user group information is step 4 , not the step shown in the exhibit.
The study guide says: "The last step is to get the user group information" and shows step 4 with Attr query / memberOf search
NEW QUESTION # 144
In IKEv2, which exchange establishes the first CHILD_SA?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct answer is D. IKE_AUTH .
The study guide explicitly states:
"IKE_Auth exchange:
* Performs the mutual authentication of two IKE endpoints.
* Configures settings like IP/mask, DNS, and so on.
* Sets up the piggyback of a child SA. Negotiates IP flow and security settings for the IPsec SA." It also says:
"By default, a piggyback child (IPsec) SA is negotiated along with the IKEv2 SA during IKE_AUTH. If additional IPsec SAs are needed ... they are negotiated during subsequent CREATE_CHILD_SA exchanges." Why the other options are wrong:
* A. IKE_SA_INIT is incorrect because this exchange negotiates the security settings to protect the IKE traffic, not the first CHILD_SA.
* B. INFORMATIONAL is incorrect because it is used to convey control messages between IKE endpoints.
* C. CREATE_CHILD_SA is incorrect for the first CHILD_SA, because it is used to create new additional child SAs or rekey existing ones after the initial exchange.
NEW QUESTION # 145
An administrator wants to capture encrypted phase 2 traffic between two FotiGate devices using the built-in sniffer.
If the administrator knows that there Is no NAT device located between both FortiGate devices, which command should the administrator run?
Answer: D
Explanation:
To capture encrypted IPsec phase 2 (ESP) traffic between two FortiGate devices, the correct protocol filter to use is ip proto 50. According to the Fortinet official sniffing and debugging documentation, ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) is used for encrypted phase 2 payload transfer and always uses IP protocol number 50. Running the command diagnose sniffer packet any ' ip proto 50 ' captures only ESP packets, which represent the encrypted traffic-whether originating or transiting the device.
If there is no NAT device between FortiGates, ESP is not encapsulated in UDP (thus not on UDP port 4500; if NAT-T were required, packets would be UDP-encapsulated, but the scenario explicitly says NAT is not in use). UDP port 500 is for IKE control (negotiation) traffic, and AH (Authentication Header, ip proto 51) is not used for encryption in standard IPsec phase 2 with ESP.
This matches the official CLI reference from Fortinet for VPN and traffic analysis.
**
References:
FortiOS CLI Reference: diagnose sniffer packet, ESP, IP Protocol Numbers FortiGate VPN Administration Guide: Traffic Capture and Analysis of IPsec Traffic
NEW QUESTION # 146
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