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Microsoft GH-200 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Section	Weight	Objectives
Topic 1: Author and Maintain Actions	15-20%	- Distribution and versioning 1. Version pinning and release strategies 2. GitHub Marketplace publishing - Create custom actions 1. Debugging action failures 2. JavaScript, Docker, composite actions - Action structure and metadata 1. action.yml structure and inputs/outputs 2. Workflow commands in actions
Topic 2: Consume and Troubleshoot Workflows	15-20%	- Reusable workflows and templates 1. Composite actions usage 2. Starter workflows vs reusable workflows - Artifacts and logs management 1. Use GitHub UI and API for runs 2. Download artifacts - Analyze workflow runs 1. Logs, triggers, and run history 2. Matrix execution debugging
Topic 3: Secure and Optimize Automation	10-15%	- Optimization 1. Caching and artifact retention 2. Performance and cost optimization - Security best practices 1. GITHUB_TOKEN permissions 2. Prevent script injection 3. OIDC authentication
Topic 4: Manage GitHub Actions for the Enterprise	20-25%	- Runner management 1. Runner groups and scaling 2. Hosted and self-hosted runners - Governance and policy 1. Reusable workflows governance 2. Organization policies and access control - Secrets and variables 1. Org/repo/environment secrets 2. Secure usage and scoping
Topic 5: Author and Manage Workflows	20-25%	- Design workflow structure 1. Jobs, steps, dependencies, conditions 2. Matrix builds and strategy configuration 3. Service containers and environment variables 4. Contexts and expressions (${{ }}) - Configure workflow triggers and events 1. Scheduled, manual, webhook, and repository events 2. workflow_dispatch inputs and workflow_call inputs/secrets mapping - Manage execution and outputs 1. Artifacts and caching 2. GITHUB_OUTPUT, GITHUB_ENV, step outputs 3. Workflow summaries and badges

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Microsoft GitHub Actions Sample Questions (Q139-Q144):

NEW QUESTION # 139
Which default GitHub environment variable indicates the owner and repository name?

A. REPOSITORY NAME
B. GITHUB REPOSITORY
C. ENV REPOSITORY
D. GITHUB WORKFLOW REPO

Answer: A

Explanation:
The GITHUB_REPOSITORY environment variable contains the owner and repository name in the format owner/repository. It is automatically provided by GitHub Actions and can be used to reference the repository in workflows.

NEW QUESTION # 140
You are reaching your organization's storage limit for GitHub artifacts and packages. What should you do to prevent the storage limit from being reached?

A. via repositories owned by the organization
B. via the .github repository owned by the organization
C. via the GitHub Marketplace
D. via a repository owned by a third party

Answer: A

Explanation:
To prevent reaching the storage limit for GitHub artifacts and packages, you should manage and clean up artifacts and packages stored in repositories owned by your organization. This includes deleting unnecessary artifacts and managing the lifecycle of packages, as they contribute directly to your organization's storage quota.

NEW QUESTION # 141
You need to store an API key in a GitHub repository. The solution must ensure that the key remains secure and can be used in a GitHub Actions workflow. What should you do?

A. Use repository secrets to encrypt and store the key, and then reference the key in the workflow YAML file.
B. Add the key as a plain text variable to the repository README file.
C. Commit the key to the repository in an .env file.
D. Store the key directly in the workflow YAML file under env:.

Answer: A

Explanation:
To use a specific API key in your GitHub Actions workflow, you can store it as a Repository Secret and reference it using the secrets context in your YAML file. This ensures the key is encrypted and masked in your workflow logs.
1. Store the API Key as a Secret
Navigate to your repository on GitHub.com.
Click Settings > Secrets and variables > Actions.
Select the Secrets tab and click New repository secret.
In the Name field, enter a descriptive identifier (e.g., MY_API_KEY).
Rules: Use only alphanumeric characters or underscores; cannot start with a number or GITHUB_.
In the Secret field, paste your API key value and click Add secret.
2. Reference the Secret in your YAML File
In your .github/workflows/your-workflow.yml file, access the secret using the syntax
${{ secrets.NAME_OF_SECRET }}. It is a best practice to map it to an environment variable within a specific step rather than echoing it directly.
Example Workflow in yaml:
name: Use API Key Example
on: [push]
jobs:
my-job:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- name: Run script with API Key
# Map the secret to an environment variable for the runner
env:
API_KEY: ${{ secrets.MY_API_KEY }}
run: |
# Use the environment variable in your commands
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $API_KEY" https://api.example.com
Reference:
https://docs.github.com/actions/security-guides/using-secrets-in-github-actions

NEW QUESTION # 142
Which statement accurately describes using labels to route GitHub Actions workflows to runners?

A. To target a specific runner, the runs-on must match the runner's hostname rather than its labels.
B. Labels apply only to GitHub-hosted runners and are ignored by self-hosted runners.
C. A user can assign multiple labels to a self-hosted runner and use the labels in a runs-on to target only runners that match all the specified labels.
D. GitHub Actions automatically assigns the runner's IP address as a label, and the label must be used in a runs-on.

Answer: C

Explanation:
Self-hosted runners can have default labels and custom labels. These labels are used in the runs-on field to route workflow jobs to runners that match the required criteria. When multiple labels are specified, the runner must match all listed labels before GitHub Actions can assign the job to that runner. Therefore, option A is correct. Option B is false because labels are especially important for self-hosted runners. Option C is incorrect because GitHub does not require the runner IP address as a routing label. Option D is also incorrect because workflows target runners by labels or runner groups, not by hostname. This topic validates runner selection, self-hosted runner configuration, and workflow job routing.

NEW QUESTION # 143
Which default environment variable specifies the branch or tag that triggered a workflow?

A. GITHUB_REF
B. GITHUB_BRANCH
C. ENV_BRANCH
D. GITHUB_TAG

Answer: A

Explanation:
GITHUB_REF : The branch or tag ref that triggered the workflow.
Reference:
https://graphite.dev/guides/github-actions-variables

NEW QUESTION # 144
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