WGUのAccounting-for-Decision-Makers認定試験はIT業界の中でとても普遍的な試験になります。試験の準備は時間とエネルギーがかかります。時は金なり社会に時間を無駄しないようによいツルを探し出されるのはみんなの希望です。It-PassportsのWGUのAccounting-for-Decision-Makers認証試験の問題集は君の20時間だけかかりますよ。
| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Budgeting and Decision Making | 10–15% | - Relevant information for decision making
|
| Topic 2: Profit Planning | 10–15% | - Cost-volume-profit (CVP) analysis
|
| Topic 3: Cost Systems | 20–25% | - Cost concepts and classification
|
| Topic 4: Financial Analysis | 45–50% | - Financial statement analysis techniques
|
| Topic 5: Controls and Regulations | 10–15% | - Internal control systems and principles
|
>> Accounting-for-Decision-Makers試験解説 <<
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質問 # 54
Which two items on an income statement result in decreased net income if they are increased?
Choose 2 answers.
正解：B、C
解説：
The correct answers are C. Interest expense and D. Cost of goods sold . Net income is determined by starting with revenues and then subtracting expenses and other costs. Because interest expense is an expense, increasing it reduces earnings before tax and therefore lowers net income. Likewise, cost of goods sold (COGS) is a major expense directly tied to the goods sold by the business. When COGS increases, gross profit falls, which then reduces net income. OpenStax summarizes the income statement as including revenues, expenses, gains, and losses in arriving at net income or net loss.
Options A. Gains and B. Revenues are incorrect because increases in either of those items generally increase net income rather than decrease it. Gains arise from peripheral transactions and still improve profitability, while revenues represent inflows from the company's main operations. In contrast, both interest expense and cost of goods sold are deductions in the income statement. Therefore, the two items that decrease net income when increased are Interest expense and Cost of goods sold .
質問 # 55
What are the costs associated with two or more business units called?
正解：B
解説：
The correct answer is B. Indirect costs . Indirect costs are costs that cannot be economically traced to a single specific cost object, department, product, or business unit because they support multiple activities or units at the same time . Sources defining indirect costs explain that these costs are involved in more than one activity and therefore must often be allocated rather than directly assigned.
Option A is incorrect because variable costs are defined by behavior relative to activity level, not by whether they relate to more than one business unit. Option C, direct costs , are the opposite of indirect costs because they can be traced specifically to one cost object. Option D, product costs , refer to costs attached to manufacturing a product, such as direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead, and do not necessarily imply multiple business units. In cost accounting, when a cost supports shared operations and cannot be directly attributed to just one unit, it is treated as an indirect cost . Therefore, Option B is the correct answer.
質問 # 56
Which item is an operating activity under a U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) statement of cash flows?
正解：A
解説：
The correct answer is B. Cash payments for administration expenses . Under U.S. GAAP, operating activities include cash effects of transactions that enter into the determination of net income, such as cash paid to employees, suppliers, and for other routine operating expenses. FASB's statement on cash flows requires cash receipts and payments to be classified as operating, investing, or financing and defines operating activities as the residual category for the entity's normal revenue-producing activities. OpenStax also describes operating activities as the day-to-day cash flows of the business.
Option A is incorrect because selling a business segment is generally an investing activity , not an operating one. Option C is incorrect because purchasing plant assets is also an investing cash outflow . Option D is incorrect because cash received from selling plant assets is an investing cash inflow . Administrative expenses are part of normal operations, so cash paid for them belongs in operating activities. Therefore, among the options provided, Cash payments for administration expenses is the only item properly classified as an operating activity under U.S. GAAP.
質問 # 57
In September, an airline using accrual accounting received cash from a round-trip ticket sold to a customer for
$1,500. The ticket allowed the customer to fly from Denver to Hawaii in October and from Hawaii back to Denver in November.
When should the airline recognize revenue?
正解：C
解説：
The correct answer is C. In October and November . Under accrual accounting and modern revenue recognition guidance, revenue is recognized when the company satisfies its performance obligations, not merely when cash is received. For an airline ticket, the airline earns the revenue by providing transportation
. SEC disclosures from airlines state that passenger revenue is deferred until transportation is provided, and revenue recognition guidance under Topic 606 also requires recognition when control of the promised service transfers to the customer.
Because this is a round-trip ticket , the airline has not fully earned the revenue in September when the cash is collected. Instead, the service is performed in parts: one flight in October and the return flight in November
. Therefore, the revenue should be recognized as the transportation service is delivered across those two months. Option A is incorrect because September is only the cash receipt date, not the service date. Option B is incorrect because part of the service is provided in October. Option D is incorrect because collecting cash alone does not create earned revenue under accrual accounting. Therefore, October and November is the correct answer.
質問 # 58
A company has three product lines and has historically used the traditional costing system to allocate overhead costs to each product line. Due to significant differences in the production processes for the three product lines, the company implemented an activity-based costing study and identified the activity-based cost for each product, as shown in the following table.
Product A
Product B
Product C
Traditional cost per unit
$558
$1,375
$1,211
Activity-based cost per unit
$675
$1,585
$1,350
Selling price per unit
$650
$1,450
$1,300
What do these data points reveal about the selling price of this company's products?
正解：A
解説：
The correct answer is C. The selling price should increase for all three products . The key point of activity- based costing (ABC) is that it often gives a more accurate view of overhead consumption than traditional costing, especially when products differ significantly in production complexity. ABC is designed to provide more precise overhead assignment by using multiple cost drivers.
Compare each product's selling price with its activity-based cost per unit :
Product A: Selling price $650, ABC cost $675 # underpriced by $25
Product B: Selling price $1,450, ABC cost $1,585 # underpriced by $135
Product C: Selling price $1,300, ABC cost $1,350 # underpriced by $50
All three products have selling prices below their ABC-based unit costs. That means each product appears to be priced too low if the ABC study more accurately reflects the resources consumed. Therefore, each product' s selling price should be reconsidered upward.
This question illustrates why companies adopt ABC in the first place: traditional costing can hide cross- subsidization among products, while ABC can reveal that multiple product lines are actually less profitable than previously believed. Therefore, Option C is correct.
質問 # 59
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