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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| MPLS and VPN Technologies | - MPLS Fundamentals
|
| IP Network Technologies | - IPv6 Deployment
|
| Advanced Routing Protocols | - BGP Configuration and Policy Control
|
| Network Services and Optimization | - Multicast Technologies
|
| Network Design and Troubleshooting | - Enterprise Network Design
|
>> New H12-831_V1.0-ENU Exam Name <<
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NEW QUESTION # 29
On the OSPFv3 network shown in the figure, area 1 is a common area. R2 generates an Inter-Area-Prefix- LSA to describe the routes of a network segment in the area. Such an LSA exists in both area 0 and area 1.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:To determine whether the statement is true or false, we need to analyze the OSPFv3 topology, the role of area types, and the behavior of Inter-Area-Prefix-LSAs. Let' s break it down step by step:
* Understanding the OSPFv3 Topology and Area Types:
* The figure shows three routers (R1, R2, and R3) connected in an OSPFv3 network. R1 and R2 are in Area 0 (the backbone area), while R2 and R3 are in Area 1 (a common area, also known as a standard or regular area).
* R2 is an Area Border Router (ABR) because it connects Area 0 and Area 1. ABRs are responsible for summarizing and advertising routes between areas.
* What is a Common Area in OSPFv3?:
* A "common area" in OSPFv3 refers to a standard or regular OSPF area, as opposed to special areas like Stub, Totally Stubby, Not-So-Stubby Area (NSSA), or Totally NSSA. Common areas allow all types of LSAs, including inter-area, intra-area, and external LSAs, to be flooded within the area, except for restrictions in special area types.
* Since Area 1 is described as a "common area," it behaves like a standard OSPF area, allowing the full exchange of LSAs, including Inter-Area-Prefix-LSAs.
* Role of Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA (Type 3 LSA in OSPFv3):
* Inter-Area-Prefix-LSAs (Type 3 LSAs in OSPFv3) are used by ABRs to advertise prefixes from one area to another. These LSAs are critical for inter-area routing, allowing routers in one area to learn about networks in other areas.
* In this case, R2, as an ABR, generates Inter-Area-Prefix-LSAs to describe routes (network segments) in Area 1 and advertises them into Area 0. Conversely, R2 also receives Inter-Area- Prefix-LSAs from Area 0 (via R1) and advertises them into Area 1.
* Does the Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA Exist in Both Area 0 and Area 1?:
* Yes, Inter-Area-Prefix-LSAs exist in both areas because R2, as an ABR, floods these LSAs into both Area 0 and Area 1. Specifically:
* R2 generates Inter-Area-Prefix-LSAs for network segments in Area 1 and advertises them into Area 0, where R1 (in Area 0) can receive and process them.
* Similarly, R2 receives Inter-Area-Prefix-LSAs for network segments in Area 0 (from R1) and advertises them into Area 1, where R3 (in Area 1) can receive and process them.
* Since Area 1 is a common area (not a stub or NSSA), it allows Inter-Area-Prefix-LSAs to be flooded within the area, ensuring that routers like R3 can learn about routes in Area 0, and routers like R1 can learn about routes in Area 1.
* Verifying the Statement:
* The statement claims that R2 generates an Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA to describe the routes of a network segment in Area 1, and such an LSA exists in both Area 0 and Area 1. This is accurate because:
* R2, as an ABR, generates Inter-Area-Prefix-LSAs for Area 1's network segments and floods them into Area 0.
* R2 also receives and floods Inter-Area-Prefix-LSAs from Area 0 into Area 1.
* Therefore, Inter-Area-Prefix-LSAs describing routes in Area 1 exist in both Area 0 and Area 1, making the statement true.
* Conclusion:
* The statement is true because Inter-Area-Prefix-LSAs generated by R2 for Area 1's network segments are flooded into both Area 0 and Area 1, and Area 1, being a common area, allows these LSAs to exist within it.
References to HCIP-Datacom-Advanced Routing & Switching Technology Documents:
* HCIP-Datacom-Advanced Routing & Switching Technology V1.0, Section on OSPFv3: OSPF Area Types, Inter-Area Routing, and LSA Types (specifically Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA, Type 3 LSA).
* HCIP-Datacom-Advanced Routing & Switching Technology V1.0, Chapter on OSPF Routing Protocols: ABR Behavior, Common Areas, and LSA Flooding Mechanisms.
NEW QUESTION # 30
On the OSPFv3 network shown in the figure:
* Area 1 is a stub area
* Area 2 is a common area
* Area 3 is an NSSA
* The IPv6 address of Loopback0 on R6 is 2000::6/128 .
* The router ID of each router is 10.0.X.X, where X is the router number .
Which of the following statements are true?
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
To determine the correct answers, we need to analyze OSPFv3 behavior and Inter-Area-Prefix LSAs (Type
3 LSAs).
1. Understanding OSPFv3 Inter-Area-Prefix LSAs (Type 3 LSAs)
* Type 3 LSAs (Inter-Area-Prefix LSAs) are generated by an ABR (Area Border Router) to advertise networks between areas.
* If a router in one area learns a prefix from another area, it generates a Type 3 LSA to advertise it further.
* Stub areas (Area 1) do not allow external LSAs, including Type 3 LSAs for external routes.
* NSSA areas (Area 3) accept external routes but redistribute them as Type 7 LSAs before being converted to Type 5 LSAs by an NSSA ABR.
2. Analyzing Each Answer Option:
# A. " The Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA that is generated by R1 and describes 2000::6/128 exists in Area 0. "
# TRUE
* R6 has 2000::6/128 in Area 2.
* R2 is the ABR that brings this prefix into Area 0 as a Type 3 LSA.
* R1, being in Area 0, learns this LSA from R2.
* Thus, this statement is correct.
# B. " The Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA that is generated by R1 and describes 2000::6/128 exists in Area 3. "
# FALSE
* R1 is not an ABR for Area 3 , so it does not generate an LSA for 2000::6/128 in Area 3 .
* Instead, R3 (the ABR between Area 0 and Area 3) would be responsible for propagating routes.
* This statement is false.
# C. " The Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA that is generated by R2 and describes 2000::6/128 exists in Area 1. "
# FALSE
* Area 1 is a stub area and does not accept external LSAs (including Type 3 LSAs from other areas).
* R2 cannot generate and send a Type 3 LSA for 2000::6/128 into Area 1.
* This statement is false.
# D. " The Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA that is generated by R3 and describes 2000::6/128 exists in Area 2. "
# TRUE
* R3 is an ABR and learns 2000::6/128 from R2 (which originally learned it from R6 in Area 2).
* Since Area 2 is a normal (non-stub, non-NSSA) area, Type 3 LSAs are allowed.
* R3 generates and advertises this Inter-Area-Prefix-LSA for 2000::6/128 into Area 2.
* Thus, this statement is correct.
NEW QUESTION # 31
As its network scale expands, an enterprise plans to move scattered servers to the same equipment room for unified management. During hardware migration, network engineers do not need to perform device commissioning and therefore do not need to work out a migration solution.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 32 
On the OSPF network shown in the figure, the cost values of links are marked. OSPF IP FRR is enabled on R1, and the maximum load-balancing 8 command is configured in the OSPF process. Which of the following is the cost value of the route 10.0.35.0/24 in the routing table of R1?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
To determine the cost value of the route 10.0.35.0/24 in the routing table of R1 , let ' s analyze the possible shortest paths from R1 to R3 (which owns the 10.0.35.0/24 network) based on the given OSPF link costs:
* Path 1: R1 # R2 # R3
* R1 to R2: Cost = 20
* R2 to R3: Cost = 10
* Total Cost = 20 + 10 = 30
* Path 2: R1 # R4 # R3
* R1 to R4: Cost = 10
* R4 to R3: Cost = 10
* Total Cost = 10 + 10 = 20 # (Lowest cost path)
* Path 3: R1 # R5 # R3
* R1 to R5: Cost = 10
* R5 to R3: Cost = 10
* Total Cost = 10 + 10 = 20 # (Equal-cost path)
Final Calculation:
* The two best equal-cost paths ( R1 # R4 # R3 and R1 # R5 # R3 ) have a cost of 20 .
* Since OSPF supports equal-cost multi-path (ECMP) routing and maximum load-balancing 8 is enabled, OSPF will install both routes into the routing table with the same cost of 20 .
* The path R1 # R2 # R3 has a higher cost ( 30 ) and will not be chosen.
Final answer: # 20 (Option C)
References:
HCIP-Datacom-Advanced Routing & Switching Technology V1.0 - OSPF Route Calculation & Load Balancing OSPF Equal-Cost Multi-Path (ECMP) and Route Selection OSPF Fast Reroute (FRR) Mechanism
NEW QUESTION # 33
On the OSPF network shown in the figure, drag the values on the left to the correct positions so that the traffic from PC1 to PC2 is sent along the path PC1 # R1 # R3 # R2 # PC2, and the traffic from PC2 to PC1 is sent along the path PC2 # R2 # R1 # PC1.
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation:
# Objective:
* Asymmetric routing via OSPF cost manipulation
* PC1 to PC2 must go through: R1 # R3 # R2
* PC2 to PC1 must go through: R2 # R1
# Step-by-Step Cost Logic:
* Path PC1 # R1 # R2 (direct path) must be less preferred than PC1 # R1 # R3 # R2 # Therefore, make Cost A (R1-R2) high (least preferred) # Set A = 50
* Path PC1 # R1 # R3 # R2 should be preferred # Cost = C (R1 - R3) + 10 (R3 - R2) # Set C = 30 , so total = 30 + 10 = 40 , which is less than 50
* From PC2 to PC1 , we want to use R2 # R1 # So R2 must see R1 as best next-hop to PC1 # Ensure B (R2 - R3) + C is higher than A # Set B = 10 , so B + C = 10 + 30 = 40, which is more than A = 50 only if C were higher (which it isn't), but in reverse direction it's fine because R2 will still prefer direct
10 over B + 10 = 40.
# Final Answer Summary:
Label
Value
A
50
B
10
C
30
Official Huawei Extract:
" In OSPF, routing decisions are made based on cost. By manipulating interface costs, you can influence directional path selection (asymmetric routing). Lower total cost equals higher preference. "
- [Huawei HCIA-Datacom Certification Guide - OSPF Cost and Path Selection]
NEW QUESTION # 34
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