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CIPS L4M2 Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionWeightObjectives
Legal and regulatory considerations10-15%- Legislation affecting requirements definition
  • 1. Procurement regulations, competition law, standards
- Sustainability and ethical requirements
  • 1. Environmental, social, ethical criteria
Market management in procurement and supply20-25%- Assess market forces and trends
  • 1. Supply and demand dynamics
  • 2. Technological, legal, economic, social factors
  • 3. Global vs local market conditions
- Evaluate market information sources
  • 1. Industry reports, government data, trade journals
  • 2. Supplier intelligence and market research
- Analyse market structures and competition
  • 1. Perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition
  • 2. Impact of market structure on procurement strategies
Stakeholder management in defining needs15-20%- Align needs with organisational objectives
  • 1. Strategic alignment and value contribution
- Identify and classify stakeholders
  • 1. Power/interest matrix and engagement strategies
  • 2. Internal vs external stakeholders
- Communicate and consult with stakeholders
  • 1. Resolving conflicting requirements
  • 2. Methods for gathering requirements
Use specifications in procurement and supply20-25%- Advantages and limitations of specification types
  • 1. Risk, cost, flexibility, supplier innovation impact
- Types of specifications
  • 1. Output/outcome-based specifications
  • 2. Drawings, samples, brands, technical standards
  • 3. Conformance vs performance specifications
- Sources for developing specifications
  • 1. Internal stakeholders, technical experts, standards bodies
  • 2. Suppliers, industry benchmarks, regulatory requirements
Devise a business case for requirements sourced externally20-25%- Estimate costs and prices for procurement activities
  • 1. Total cost of ownership / whole life costing
  • 2. Direct and indirect costs
  • 3. Cost estimation and budgeting methods
  • 4. Market data sources for cost/price information
- Influence of business needs on procurement decisions
  • 1. Types of purchase: new, modified rebuy, straight re-buy
  • 2. Procurement's role in developing business cases
  • 3. Impact of business needs on purchase types
- Criteria for creating business cases
  • 1. Benchmarking requirements
  • 2. Costs, benefits, options, alignment, timescales
- Interpret financial budgets for purchase control
  • 1. Budget performance and variance management
  • 2. Cash flow and cost entries
  • 3. Purpose and structure of budgets

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CIPS Defining Business Needs Sample Questions (Q38-Q43):

NEW QUESTION # 38
A procurement manager is discussing with other stakeholders about the scope and the implementation of the upcoming construction project. A stakeholder argues that the construction projects are often risky as the overall scope of the work can't be accurately estimated from the beginning. Furthermore, the project spans over a long period, the costs of materials can fluctuate widely. The procurement manager suggests that the pricing structure should be able to cover the supplier's costs plus 10% markup on total costs. This arrangement is known as...?

Answer: A

Explanation:
As you can see from the scenario, the procurement manager is suggesting to use cost plus pricing arrangement.
A cost-plus contract is an agreement to reimburse a company for expenses incurred plus a specific amount of profit, usually stated as a percentage of the contract's full price. These type of contracts are primarily used in construction where the buyer assumes some of the risk but also provides a degree of flexibility to the contractor.
Cost-plus contracts can be separated into four categories. They each allow for the reimbursement of costs as well as an additional amount for profit:
1. Cost-plus award fee contracts allow the contractor to be awarded a fee usually for good per-formance.
2. Cost-plus fixed-fee contracts cover both direct and indirect costs, in addition to a fixed fee.
3. Cost-plus incentive fee contracts happen when the contractor is given a fee if his or her perfor-mance meets or exceeds expectations.
4. Cost-plus percent-of-cost contracts allow the amount of reimbursement to rise if the contrac-tor's costs rise.
In the scenario, the procurement manager suggests a pricing structure that covers supplier's costs and adds
10% markup. This is cost-plus fixed-percentage.


NEW QUESTION # 39
When devising a business case for purchasing a new copier, Maria analyses its whole-life costs as following:

Though cost generating activities are identified, she has not categorised the costs. What is the total value of copier's end of life costs?

Answer: B

Explanation:
Life cycle costing is a key asset management tool that takes into account the whole of life implications of planning, acquiring, operating, maintaining and disposing of an asset.
The process is an evaluation method that considers all ownership and management costs. These include;
- Concept and definition;
- Design and development;
- Manufacturing and installation;
- Maintenance;
- Support services; and
- Retirement, remediation and disposal costs.
End of life costs often comprise of decommissioning, removing and disposal costs. In the copier scenario, the end of life costs equal to removal cost, which is $150.


NEW QUESTION # 40
When making a business case, the proposal has to consider financial costs, non-financial costs and opportunity costs. What is an opportunity cost?

Answer: D


NEW QUESTION # 41
When procuring a machinery, at which stage buyer must check whether it is working to the stand-ards set out in the design specification?

Answer: D

Explanation:
Through-life Management involves the life-cycle management of the products, services and activities required to deliver a fully integrated capability to the customer, while reducing the cost of ownership for the customer.
Diagram, table Description automatically generated

Source: Andrew Graves
The installation stage occurs in In-Service Operations. At this stage, the machinery is shipped and installed on the buyer ' s premises and check to ensure that it is working to the standards set out in the design specification.
Reference: CIPS study guide page 130
LO 3, AC 3.2


NEW QUESTION # 42
A manufacturing organisation has initiated a project focusing on costs, with a view to making significant savings. A procurement manager is leading the project. The initial data sources have focused on the cost of raw materials. Which of the following describes this cost?

Answer: D


NEW QUESTION # 43
......

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