P.S. KaoGuTi在Google Drive上分享了免費的、最新的Introduction-to-Cryptography考試題庫：https://drive.google.com/open?id=163XFgmRD5blgczxio7A8HbmoxypMl575
WGU Introduction-to-Cryptography 是一個專業知識和技能的認證考試。在IT行業中找工作，很多人力資源經理在面試時會參考你有哪些WGU相關的I認證證書。如果你擁有WGU Introduction-to-Cryptography認證證書，顯然可以提高你的競爭力。
| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Hash Functions and Message Authentication | - Cryptographic hash functions (e.g., SHA family concepts) - MAC and HMAC mechanisms |
| Key Management and PKI | - Key exchange and lifecycle management - Certificates, certificate authorities, and PKI structure |
| Asymmetric Encryption | - Public key cryptography principles - RSA and ECC fundamentals |
| Cryptographic Protocols and Applications | - Secure communication design principles - TLS/SSL conceptual overview |
| Symmetric Encryption | - Block and stream ciphers - AES and legacy algorithms (e.g., DES conceptually) |
| Foundations of Cryptography | - Historical and modern cryptography principles - Core concepts of confidentiality, integrity, authentication, non-repudiation |
>> Introduction-to-Cryptography熱門證照 <<
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問題 #57
(What is an alternative to using a Certificate Revocation List (CRL) with certificates?)
答案：B
解題說明：
OCSP is the primary online alternative to CRLs for checking whether a certificate has been revoked. With a CRL, a relying party periodically downloads a list of revoked certificate serial numbers published by the issuing CA (or CRL distribution point). That approach can be bandwidth-heavy, introduces latency between revocation and client awareness, and can result in clients using stale revocation data if updates are infrequent.
OCSP improves this by allowing a client (or a server on the client's behalf) to query an OCSP responder in near real time about the status of a specific certificate (good, revoked, or unknown). In practice, many TLS deployments use OCSP stapling, where the server periodically fetches a signed OCSP response from the CA's responder and "staples" it to the TLS handshake, reducing client-side network calls and improving privacy (the CA doesn't learn which site the client is visiting). Thus, OCSP provides a more timely, certificate- specific revocation status mechanism than CRLs while preserving the CA's signed assurance.
問題 #58
(Which encryption algorithm uses an 80-bit key and operates on 64-bit data blocks?)
答案：D
解題說明：
Skipjack is a symmetric block cipher historically associated with the Clipper chip initiative. Its defining parameters match the question: it operates on 64-bit blocks and uses an 80-bit key. The other options do not fit those exact sizes. Twofish is a 128-bit block cipher with key sizes up to 256 bits. Blowfish is a 64-bit block cipher, but its key size is variable from 32 up to 448 bits and is not fixed at 80 bits as a defining property.
Camellia is a 128-bit block cipher with key sizes of 128, 192, or 256 bits. Skipjack's smaller key size and legacy design make it unsuitable for modern security needs, but the question is purely about identifying the algorithm that matches an 80-bit key and 64-bit blocks. Therefore, the correct answer is Skipjack.
問題 #59
(Which encryption algorithm uses an 80-bit key and operates on 64-bit data blocks?)
答案：D
解題說明：
Skipjack is a symmetric block cipher historically associated with the Clipper chip initiative. Its defining parameters match the question: it operates on 64-bit blocks and uses an 80-bit key. The other options do not fit those exact sizes. Twofish is a 128-bit block cipher with key sizes up to 256 bits. Blowfish is a
64-bit block cipher, but its key size is variable from 32 up to 448 bits and is not fixed at 80 bits as a defining property. Camellia is a 128-bit block cipher with key sizes of 128, 192, or 256 bits. Skipjack's smaller key size and legacy design make it unsuitable for modern security needs, but the question is purely about identifying the algorithm that matches an 80-bit key and 64-bit blocks. Therefore, the correct answer is Skipjack.
問題 #60
(Two people want to communicate through secure email. The person creating the email wants to ensure only their friend can decrypt the email. Which key should the person creating the email use to encrypt the message?)
答案：C
解題說明：
To ensure confidentiality so that only the intended recipient can decrypt an email, the sender must encrypt in a way that only the recipient can reverse. In public key cryptography, that means encrypting with the recipient's public key. The recipient is the only party who should possess the matching private key, so only they can decrypt the ciphertext. This pattern is fundamental to PKI-based secure email systems such as S/MIME and OpenPGP: the sender looks up or is provided the recipient's certificate
/public key, encrypts the message (often by encrypting a randomly generated symmetric session key with the recipient's public key), and the recipient uses their private key to recover the session key and decrypt the content. Encrypting with the sender's private key would not provide confidentiality; it resembles signing because anyone with the sender's public key could "decrypt" it. Encrypting with a private key of the recipient is also incorrect because private keys are not shared and should never leave the recipient's control. Therefore, the correct key to encrypt the message so only the friend can decrypt it is the recipient's public key.
問題 #61
(A security analyst is using 3DES for data encryption. Which 3DES key size is valid?)
答案：D
解題說明：
3DES (Triple DES) applies the DES block cipher three times to increase effective security, and its commonly cited valid key sizes correspond to how many independent DES keys are used. Two-key 3DES uses two 56- bit DES keys (K1 and K2) in an EDE sequence (Encrypt with K1, Decrypt with K2, Encrypt with K1), yielding 112 bits of keying material (ignoring parity bits). Three-key 3DES uses three independent 56-bit keys for a total of 168 bits of keying material, but that option is not listed here. A 56-bit key corresponds to single DES, not 3DES. 128-bit is associated with AES, not 3DES. 2,048-bit is typical for RSA keys, not symmetric ciphers. Therefore, among the choices provided, 112-bit is a valid 3DES key size. While 3DES is now deprecated for many uses due to its 64-bit block size and performance limitations, understanding its keying options remains important for legacy system assessment.
問題 #62
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Introduction-to-Cryptography題庫資料: https://www.kaoguti.com/Introduction-to-Cryptography_exam-pdf.html
順便提一下，可以從雲存儲中下載KaoGuTi Introduction-to-Cryptography考試題庫的完整版：https://drive.google.com/open?id=163XFgmRD5blgczxio7A8HbmoxypMl575