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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Enterprise Firewall | - Centralized management and analytics - Security Fabric integration - Routing and advanced networking - Advanced firewall deployment - High availability - Troubleshooting - VPN technologies - Authentication and identity |
| SD-WAN | - Application steering - Performance SLA - Deployment and troubleshooting - Overlay VPN - SD-WAN routing - SD-WAN architecture |
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NEW QUESTION # 49
Refer to the exhibit.
A network topology and a partial routing table are shown.
FortiGate has already been configured with a firewall policy that allows all ICMP traffic to flow from port1 to port3.
Which two changes can the administrator perform to ensure the server at 10.4.0.1/24 receives the ICMP echo reply from the laptop at 10.1.0.1/24? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
The correct answers are A and C.
The study guide describes this exact asymmetric ICMP scenario. It states:
"The server sends an echo request to the PC through port2 of the local router, effectively bypassing FortiGate.
When it receives the echo request, the PC responds with an echo reply through its default gateway, 10.1.0.2, which is port1 on FortiGate. Because there is no existing session, the echo reply is dropped. All subsequent echo replies are blocked." That means the current problem exists because:
the ICMP request bypasses FortiGate
the ICMP reply goes through FortiGate
FortiGate has no matching session, so it drops the reply
The study guide then shows the exact corrective option:
"Allowing asymmetric routing:"
config system settings
set asymroute enable
end
It further explains:
"After the packet passes through the FortiGate CPU, FortiGate forwards the packet using the FIB, even though there are no session matches. FortiGate forwards all subsequent echo replies using the FIB." So A is correct.
The other valid fix is to make the traffic symmetric by changing the laptop's default gateway so the reply no longer goes through FortiGate. In the exhibit, the alternate gateway is 10.1.0.254, which is the local router on the same subnet. If the laptop uses 10.1.0.254 instead of 10.1.0.2, the ICMP echo reply follows the same bypass path as the echo request, so the server receives it without involving FortiGate session validation. This makes C correct.
Why the other options are wrong:
B is wrong because this is not an RPF problem. The study guide explains RPF as a reverse path lookup used to validate whether a packet arrived on a legitimate interface, mainly for spoofing protection. The issue in this scenario is a missing session due to asymmetric routing, not a strict-versus-feasible RPF failure D is wrong because FortiGate already has the specific route 10.4.0.0/24 through port3 in the routing table shown in the exhibit, so adding a default static route to port3 is unnecessary and not the reason the echo reply is being dropped So the verified answers are: A, C.
NEW QUESTION # 50
Refer to the exhibit.
The ADVPN IPsec interface represents the VPN IPsec phase 1 from Hub A to Spoke 1 and Spoke 2, and from Hub B to Spoke 3 and Spoke 4.
You must configure an ADVPN using iBGP and eBGP to connect Overlay 1 with Overlay 2.
Which parameters must you configure in the phase 1 IPsec VPN configuration of the ADVPN tunnels?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The Enterprise Firewall 7.6 Administrator Study Guide ' s multiregion ADVPN example uses iBGP inside each region and eBGP between the two regions. On the hubs ' spoke-facing ADVPN phase 1 interfaces, Fortinet configures auto-discovery-sender enable so the hub can initiate ADVPN shortcut negotiation. It also configures network-id to identify the corresponding overlay. Therefore, B matches the documented configuration.
auto-discovery-receiver is associated with the spoke role and does not pair with remote-ip for this hub configuration. The separate hub-to-hub IPsec tunnel uses auto-discovery-forwarder enable to forward ADVPN shortcut information between regions. However, remote-as is a BGP neighbor parameter, not an IPsec phase 1 parameter. Consequently, D combines settings belonging to different configuration contexts.
NEW QUESTION # 51
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of get router info bgp summary.
Which two statements are true? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
The get router info bgp summary output lists BGP neighbor status:
Prefix Reception: The " State/PfxRcd " column shows the number of prefixes received from the neighbor- neighbor 100.64.1.254 has " 1 " , confirming option A.
Received Message Count: Under " MsgRcvd " , 18 packets have been received from neighbor 100.64.1.254.
This matches option C.
The second neighbor 100.64.2.254 is in " Active " state and has received/sent 0 packets, indicating that its TCP connection is NOT established, disproving option B.
There is no indication anywhere that the router is " still calculating " prefixes; " Active " just means no session is established, so option D is incorrect.
References:
FortiOS BGP Command Reference: BGP Neighbor States, PfxRcd, and Counters
NEW QUESTION # 52
Refer to the exhibit.
The output of the get router info bgp summary command is shown.
Which statement regarding adjacencies between the local router and its neighbors is correct?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is B.
In the exhibit:
Neighbor 100.64.1.254 shows State/PfxRcd = 1, which means the session is established and the local FortiGate has received 1 prefix Neighbor 100.64.2.254 shows State/PfxRcd = Active The study guide explains the BGP states exactly:
Connect: Waiting for a successful three-way TCP connection
Active: Unable to establish the TCP session
OpenSent: Waiting for an OPEN message from the peer
OpenConfirm: Waiting for the keepalive message from the peer
Established: Peers have successfully exchanged OPEN and keepalive messages It also explains how to read the State/PfxRcd column:
"If the state is not established, this column displays the BGP state. If the state is established, this column displays the number of prefixes that the local FortiGate received from that neighbor." Therefore, because neighbor 100.64.2.254 is in Active state, the correct conclusion is that the BGP adjacency cannot form because the TCP session could not be established.
Why the other options are wrong:
A is wrong because BGP can establish adjacencies with multiple neighbors independently; one established neighbor does not block another C is wrong because BGP adjacency is not established based on neighbor "priority"; the output shows adjacency is established because the session completed and prefixes were exchanged D is wrong because having two neighbors in the same remote AS is valid in BGP and does not prevent adjacency formation So the verified answer is: B.
NEW QUESTION # 53
Refer to the exhibit.
Which two observations can you make about the web filter traffic captured using the flow tool? (Choose two.)
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
Analyze the " Send to Application Layer " Message:
The most critical line in the debug output is: id=65308 ... func=av_receive ... msg= " send to application layer
"
Meaning: This message indicates that the FortiGate kernel is handing the packet over to a user-space daemon (specifically the WAD/Proxy process, indicated by av_receive handlers) for deep inspection.
Implication: This behavior is the hallmark of Proxy-based inspection. In Flow-based inspection, the traffic is handled by the IPS engine (often within the kernel or via specific IPS handlers like ips_measure), and you would not typically see a " send to application layer " message for standard web filtering.
Evaluate Option B (Firewall Policy Mode):
Since the traffic is being sent to the application layer proxy, the Firewall Policy controlling this traffic (Policy ID 1, as seen in Allowed by Policy-1) must be configured with Inspection Mode = Proxy. If it were Flow- based, the traffic would stay in the flow path. Thus, Option B is correct.
Evaluate Option C (Web Filter Profile Mode):
In FortiOS, when a firewall policy is set to Proxy-based inspection, the security profiles (like Web Filter) applied to that policy also operate in Proxy-based inspection mode. The presence of the av_receive function confirms that the content inspection (Web Filter/AV) is being performed by the proxy engine. Thus, Option C is correct.
Why Option A is Incorrect (NPU Offload):
The output shows npu_state=0x100. In the context of a flow trace where traffic is being " sent to application layer, " this confirms the session is not fully offloaded to the NPU (Network Processor). Offloaded traffic (Fast Path) is handled by the hardware and would not generate these specific CPU-level debug logs for the payload inspection phase. The proxying process requires CPU intervention.
Why Option D is Incorrect (Port Mapping):
While valid protocol mapping is necessary for inspection, the specific debug output shown is a direct result of the Inspection Mode (Proxy vs. Flow). The observation of the traffic moving to the application layer is primarily caused by the policy and profile mode settings, making B and C the direct " observations " derived from the log data.
Reference:
FortiGate Troubleshooting (Debug Flow): " If the debug flow shows msg= ' send to application layer ' , it confirms the traffic is being handled by the proxy (WAD) for Proxy-based inspection. "
NEW QUESTION # 54
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