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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Pain Management and Analgesia | 7% | - Pain Control
|
| Laboratory Procedures | 12% | - Diagnostic Testing
|
| Diagnostic Imaging | 7% | - Imaging Techniques
|
| Dentistry | 8% | - Dental Procedures
|
| Surgical Nursing | 11% | - Perioperative Procedures
|
| Anesthesia | 15% | - Anesthetic Procedures
|
| Pharmacy and Pharmacology | 12% | - Medication Preparation
|
| Animal Care and Nursing | 20% | - Patient Care
|
| Emergency Medicine and Critical Care | 8% | - Emergency Procedures
|
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NEW QUESTION # 610
When preparing for a surgical anesthetic procedure, you want to ensure you have all you need well before you need it. Additionally, you want to ensure that all parts are in working order. You should have a standard checklist and operating procedure that goes over testing the anesthetic machine before each use. An anesthetic machine consists of four key systems.
Which of the following is not one of those parts?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The four components of an anesthetic machine include:
1. The carrier gas supply allows the delivery of oxygen and carrier gases to the patient using a controlled flow rate. This includes the:
*Compressed gas cylinder
*Pressure-reducing valve
*Tank and line pressure gauges
*Flowmeters
*Oxygen flush valve
2. The anesthetic vaporizer takes a precise concentration of the liquid inhalant, vaporizes it, and then mixes it with the carrier gases.
3. The breathing circuit functions to deliver the anesthetic and oxygen mixture by way of the endotracheal tube, chamber, or mask to the patient. It also removes expired gases away from the patient. These circuits are either rebreathing or non-rebreathing, depending on patient size.
4. Finally, the scavenging system takes the waste gases and excess vaporized anesthetic and disposes of it safely.
An anesthetic chamber, a solid box, is uncommonly used in small animal medicine for feral, intractable, or otherwise unmanageable patients to induce anesthesia. Two ports facilitate this induction, one for the fresh gas source and the other providing an exit for waste gas. The use of this method of induction is highly recommended against. It goes against Fear Free practices but may be necessary in extreme cases. However, this is not a part of the anesthesia machine itself.
NEW QUESTION # 611
Which medication is most often used in a circumferential ring block in combination with lidocaine?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Bupivacaine is most often used in circumferential ring blocks along with lidocaine. Lidocaine has a rapid onset, but short duration, while bupivacaine has a longer onset with a long duration, so they complement each other. They are typically mixed in the same syringe prior to injection.
Tetracaine and benzocaine are local anesthetics limited to topical use.
Epinephrine can be purchased in the same vial as lidocaine, but this formulation can increase the risk of complications and should not be used routinely.
NEW QUESTION # 612
Which of the following pieces of stapling equipment may your surgeon request when performing a splenectomy on a dog with a hemoabdomen?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Obviously, this answer depends on what types of staplers you have in your practice. But, if all types were available to you, the LAD, or ligate-and-divide stapler, would possibly be the surgeon's first choice. The stapler is used to ligate blood vessels, for which there are several key, large vessels associated with the spleen. To ligate splenic vessels individually with the suture is possible, but tedious and time-consuming. The LAD stapler places two staples on a vessel and then ligates the vessel between the two staples.
A TA, or thoracoabdominal stapler, is most commonly used to resect lung or liver lobes. It will place a double or triple row of staples but does not ligate.
A GIA, or gastrointestinal anastomosis stapler, says what it is used for in the name, resections, and anastomoses. This places four staple rows, cutting between the middle two.
Finally, an EEA, or end-to-end anastomosis stapler, is used for anastomoses only. It allows two intestinal segments to be stapled together in a circular fashion while retaining a functional lumen.
Another option for splenectomies that may be commonly used would be a ligaclip stapler. These are used for vessel ligations and place a single staple, and they do not ligate.
Finally, we have a skin stapler that can close skin and fascia. These also only place a single staple.
NEW QUESTION # 613
Ampicillin for injection is produced in 1 gram vials of powder. How much sterile water should be added to produce a 100 mg/mL concentration?
Answer: B
Explanation:
*1 gram = 1000 mg of drug
*To produce a 100 mg/mL concentration, 1000 mg would need to be mixed in 10 mL of diluent There is a slight volume accounted for by the power so, to be exact, these vials are usually filled with 9.8 mL of sterile water to produce 10 mL total volume.
NEW QUESTION # 614
Capnography may be used during veterinary surgical procedures for what purpose?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Capnography may be used during veterinary surgical procedures for monitoring ventilation. A capnograph measures the amount of CO2 in the air expelled by the patient upon exhalation.
Capnography is often used in conjunction with pulse oximetry to monitor ventilation and perfusion. It is an indirect monitor of cardiac function and not its primary use. It does not monitor neurologic impulses or thermoregulation.
Joanna M. Bassert, VMD. McCurnin's Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians, 9th Edition. Pg 850-851.
Mosby's Comprehensive Review for Veterinary Technicians 5th Edition. Pg 488.
NEW QUESTION # 615
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