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NEW QUESTION # 114
A 49-year-old patient is in cardiac arrest. The EMT applies an AED that shocks the patient into a rhythm with a pulse. Which of the following concepts permits the EMT to use the AED in this situation?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct answer is C because a patient in cardiac arrest is unable to speak or make decisions, so EMS care is allowed under the legal principle of implied consent . On many exams, this may appear under the broader consent concept when emergency treatment is immediately necessary to preserve life.
In EMT practice, when a patient is unconscious and has no pulse, the law assumes that a reasonable person would want lifesaving treatment, including CPR and AED use . That is what allows the EMT to apply the AED without waiting for permission.
NEW QUESTION # 115
You have achieved ROSC (Return of Spontaneous Circulation) in a 77-year-old female. She remains unresponsive and her vital signs are BP 94/58, P 82, and R 18. In what position should she be placed?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
After ROSC in an unresponsive patient, the left lateral recumbent position (also called the recovery position) is preferred to:
* Maintain an open airway
* Prevent aspiration if vomiting occurs
* Promote drainage of secretions
Supine or Trendelenburg positions increase the risk of aspiration. Elevating the head to 45ยฐ may reduce intracranial pressure, but it's not standard post-ROSC care in an unresponsive patient unless airway protection is ensured.
References:
NREMT Cardiology Guidelines - Post-Resuscitation Care
American Heart Association BLS/ACLS Algorithms - ROSC Protocol
EMS Education Standards - Transport Positioning
NEW QUESTION # 116
An EMT is using a BVM to ventilate a 28-year-old patient with asthma. The patient is unresponsive, and their vital signs are BP 70/40, P 142, R 8, and SpO2 89% on room air. The patient is becoming increasingly difficult to ventilate. What should the EMT do next?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
In patients with asthma experiencing respiratory failure, improper ventilation (especially excessive rates) can lead to air trapping and increased intrathoracic pressure, reducing venous return and worsening hypotension.
The correct technique is to ventilate slowly to allow full exhalation - around 1 breath every 5-6 seconds for adults.
CPAP is contraindicated in unresponsive patients who cannot maintain their own airway. A non-rebreather mask would be insufficient for an unresponsive patient, and forceful ventilation risks barotrauma.
References:
NREMT EMT Psychomotor Exam Guide: Airway, Respiration and Ventilation
American Heart Association (AHA) BLS Provider Manual (2020)
National EMS Education Standards (2011) - Airway Management Section
NEW QUESTION # 117
A 51-year-old female was just removed from a house fire. Emergency medical responders have administered oxygen via nasal cannula. They report her vital signs are P 140, R 8 and shallow. She is confused and her skin is cyanotic and cool. You should
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct answer is C because this patient is showing signs of respiratory failure , including a respiratory rate of 8 (too slow) , shallow breathing , cyanosis , and altered mental status .
NREMT-aligned airway and breathing guidelines state that patients with inadequate respirations require positive pressure ventilation with a bag-valve mask (BVM) . Simply increasing oxygen or switching masks is not sufficient when the patient is not ventilating effectively.
Therefore, immediate BVM ventilation with high-flow oxygen is the appropriate first intervention to support oxygenation and ventilation.
NEW QUESTION # 118
Defusing sessions should do which of the following in order to be successful? Select the two correct options.
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Defusing is an informal, short-term intervention after a critical incident. It should:
* Occur within hours of the event (ideally the same shift)
* Encourage voluntary open discussion in a confidential setting
It is not a full debrief or counseling session and doesn't require mental health professionals present.
Forcing participation or waiting too long (e.g., 72+ hours) can reduce its effectiveness.
References:
NREMT EMS Operations - Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM)
International Critical Incident Stress Foundation (ICISF) Guidelines
National EMS Education Standards - Mental Health and Stress Response
NEW QUESTION # 119
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