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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Emergency Medicine / Critical Care | 7% | - Toxicology, trauma, first aid procedures - Triage, shock, respiratory/cardiac emergencies |
| Pharmacy and Pharmacology | 13% | - Drug classification, dosage calculation, administration routes - Anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology related to agents - Controlled substance management - Preparation, dispensing, storage, safety and disposal |
| Laboratory Procedures | 9% | - Parasitology, microbiology, cytology - Sample collection, handling and processing - Hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis |
| Anesthesia | 13% | - Pre-anesthetic assessment and preparation - Anesthetic agents, equipment, monitoring - Recovery and emergency management |
| Diagnostic Imaging | 6% | - Image quality assessment and documentation - Radiography: positioning, safety, technique - Ultrasound, other imaging modalities |
| Animal Care and Nursing | 20% | - Husbandry, nutrition, fluid therapy - Specialized care for exotic, large or neonatal patients - Physical examination, patient assessment - Infection control, sanitation, isolation |
| Communication and Veterinary Professional Support Services | 5% | - Medical records, ethics, legal and regulatory compliance - Practice management, team collaboration - Client education, communication techniques |
| Surgical Nursing | 13% | - Intraoperative and postoperative care - Wound management, suture materials and techniques - Surgical preparation, instrumentation, aseptic technique |
| Pain Management / Analgesia | 7% | - Pain assessment, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic control - Multimodal analgesia protocols |
| Dentistry | 7% | - Dental cleaning, polishing, radiography - Dental anatomy, disease recognition - Periodontal care and patient education |
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NEW QUESTION # 609
Benzocaine is often used for euthanasia of what animals?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Benzocaine is an anesthetic that depresses the central nervous system. It is often used for euthanasia of frogs and amphibians. Benzocaine is relatively expensive; however, it is easy to administer and works quickly.
Barbiturates are used to euthanize most species, including cats and dogs. The main drawback is that they are controlled drugs.
Poultry, birds, and laboratory rodents are most often euthanized using carbon dioxide or cervical dislocation.
Iguanas, snakes, turtles, tortoises, and other reptiles may be euthanized via carbon monoxide (bottled gas only), decapitation, or the administration of barbiturates.
NEW QUESTION # 610
You are admitting a patient to the hospital for a routine ovariohysterectomy. The owner wants to know what that actually means. He just scheduled the dog for her spay but realized he didn't fully understand what that meant.
What organs are removed when a female is spayed?
Answer: C
Explanation:
While many people casually throw around the word "spay", it is a significant abdominal surgery. It is, by definition, the removal of the uterus and ovaries (to which the oviduct is connected). It is performed by safely ligating the ovarian vessels and the mesovarium (broad ligament). This creates the ovarian stump or pedicle. The ovaries are then removed, and the next step becomes the removal of the broad ligament and the uterus itself. The oviduct is the conduit for the ova from the ovaries into the uterus, also known as the fallopian tubes or uterine tubes. They are removed as well. The body of the uterus with vessels is first ligated, then cut. Then all three organs are removed.
To explain this easily to a client, you can simply say the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus are all removed. She will have an incision that will take about 10-14 days to heal, and she will need to be kept quiet, leash walks only, and not allowed to run, jump, play, or lick at the incision for that time.
The procedure is recommended to prevent pregnancy and pyometra, and minimize the risk of cancer in those organs and breast cancer.
Removal of just the ovaries, or ovariectomy, may be feasible and routinely done via laparoscopy or normal incisional methods. It is more common in Europe currently than in the United States. They thus, leave in place the oviduct and uterus but remove the hormone stimulation to prevent pregnancy and minimize the risk of neoplasia. The cervix is not removed or fully exteriorized in most dogs and is normally located between the uterus' body and vagina.
NEW QUESTION # 611
Ensuring dental instruments are sharp helps ensure you prevent trauma to the mucosal tissue and that you can do your job effectively and efficiently. How often should you sharpen hand instruments used in veterinary dentistry? And, what is the preferred method to test the sharpness of the sharpened instrument?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Keeping instruments sharp helps minimize the number of times you need to swipe the tooth to remove calculus buildup. Each time you swipe the tooth, you can cause micro-abrasions in the enamel, so you want to minimize any excess wear and tear. Simply put, sharp instruments work well; dull blades do not. You are less likely to fatigue with sharper instruments as well. Additionally, dull surfaces can burnish the calculus, almost rubbing into the nooks and crannies, making it much harder to remove and even detect.
Thus, instruments should be sharpened before sterilization, after each use. We can test the sharpness of an instrument using an acrylic stick. If this instrument "bites" into the stick, it is considered sharp. Additionally, if the instrument's cutting edge reflects light, it is deemed dull. However, this method is less accurate than the sticks.
Sharpening stones are a means to sharpen a dull instrument, not a way to determine if the instrument is sharp. They can be human or synthetically made. They can be coarse to fine in texture, and most require a form of lubrication, sharpening oil, to reduce friction.
NEW QUESTION # 612
What is lavage?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Lavage is the washing out of a body cavity with water or medicated solution, usually saline.It is often performed at the surgical site, following completion of a procedure, prior to closure.
Avulsion is the procedure that involves pulling or tearing away of tissue.
Amputation is the surgical procedure that removes all or part of a body part.
Ligation is the surgical closure of a vessel, duct, or tube.
Joanna M. Bassert, VMD. McCurnin's Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians, 9th Edition. Pg 1125.
NEW QUESTION # 613
What is the most commonly reached-for drug upon recognizing a patient in cardiac arrest?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Epinephrine, aka adrenaline, the fight-or-flight hormone, is the go-to resuscitation drug used to stimulate heart contractions. This drug is most commonly used as part of a multimodal approach to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). It functions by acting on the sympathetic nervous system, causing vasoconstriction. This causes constriction of both veins and arteries. Indications for use include asystole and pulseless electrical activity (PEA).
Vasopressin, when used in CPR, generally at high doses, causes smooth muscle-induced vasoconstriction in the periphery.
Lidocaine 2% may be needed during an arrest situation. As a class I antiarrhythmic drug, it is used to treat various conditions including sustained premature ventricular contractions and even ventricular tachycardia. However, if the patient has already arrested, the use of this drug isn't generally beneficial.
Finally, atropine, an anticholinergic and parasympatholytic drug, acts by blocking vagus nerve effects on the heart, on the heart's conduction system, and by accelerating electrical impulse transmission through the heart. Indications for use include bradyarrhythmias, cardiac arrest secondary to vagal mediation, and AV block.
NEW QUESTION # 614
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P.S. Free & New VTNE dumps are available on Google Drive shared by Exam-Killer: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1G0fSUcEA4ilvc51TKcFS4xSvYtSXoPlV