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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Cardiology and Resuscitation | - Cardiac Emergencies
|
| Topic 2: Medical, Obstetrics and Gynecology | - Medical Emergencies
|
| Topic 3: Trauma | - Trauma Assessment and Care
|
| Topic 4: Airway, Respiration and Ventilation | - Airway Management
|
| Topic 5: EMS Operations | - Operational Procedures
|
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NEW QUESTION # 219
Which of the following actions are appropriate management for two-rescuer pediatric basic life support? Select the three correct options.
Answer: A,D,F
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Forpediatric BLS with two rescuers, currentAHA Guidelines (2020)recommend:
* Two-thumb encircling hands technique: Most effective for infants; provides consistent depth and control.
* Compression ratio of 15:2: Enhances ventilation without compromising perfusion.
* Compression depth: 1/3 of chest or approximatelyone-half the chest's depth.
CPR begins ifpulse <60 bpm with signs of poor perfusion, not at 72 bpm. Rate of180/minis excessive; ideal rate is100-120/min.
References:
AHA BLS Provider Manual (2020) - Pediatric BLS Section
NREMT Cardiology & Resuscitation Module
Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) Guidelines
NEW QUESTION # 220
A 44-year-old patient is unresponsive, and an EMT checks for a pulse prior to applying an AED. Which of the following shockable rhythms, ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia, if either, may still produce a pulse in this patient?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct answer is B. Ventricular tachycardia only.
There are two primary shockable rhythms in cardiac arrest:
Ventricular fibrillation (VF)
Ventricular tachycardia (VT)
However, only one of these may still produce a pulse under certain conditions.
Why B is correct:
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) can occur with or without a pulse.
In some cases, VT allows the heart to generate enough cardiac output to produce a palpable pulse (this is called stable or unstable VT with a pulse).
Therefore, VT is the only shockable rhythm that may still have a pulse.
Why the other options are incorrect:
A). Ventricular fibrillation only # VF produces no organized cardiac activity, therefore no pulse C). Both shockable rhythms # Incorrect because VF never produces a pulse D). Neither a shockable rhythm # Incorrect because VT can produce a pulse Exact Extracts:
"Ventricular fibrillation results in no effective cardiac output and no pulse."
"Ventricular tachycardia may be present with or without a pulse."
"Pulseless ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation are treated with defibrillation." References:
NREMT EMT Education Standards - Cardiology & Resuscitation
National EMS Education Standards - Cardiac Emergencies
NREMT Candidate Handbook - Cardiac Arrest Management
NEW QUESTION # 221
An 83-year-old patient is unresponsive and lying on the floor. The patient has a large bruise and laceration on the forehead. The patient's vital signs are BP 90/60, P 126, and R 0. Which of the following conditions should the EMT most suspect?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Given fall with head trauma and absent respirations, the most concerning cause is spinal injury, particularly a cervical spine fracture. A high cervical injury (C1-C4) can paralyze the diaphragm, leading to apnea despite a beating heart.
Brain herniation can also depress respirations but often presents with unequal pupils, posturing, and Cushing's triad (not described here). Commotio cordis is sudden cardiac arrest from blunt chest trauma (not head). Open pneumothorax affects chest mechanics, not directly linked here.
References:
NREMT Trauma Skills - Spinal Assessment
Brady Emergency Care (13th ed.), Chapter: Spine Injuries
National EMS Education Standards - CNS Trauma and Spinal Immobilization
NEW QUESTION # 222
A 26-year-old patient has an altered mental status. Family advises that the patient has diabetes. The patient's skin is pale, cool, and clammy. What, if anything, can the EMT infer about the patient's glucose level based on the patient's presentation?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Altered mental status, combined withpale, cool, and clammy skin, is strongly suggestive ofhypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Hypoglycemia is especially dangerous in diabetics who take insulin or oral hypoglycemics.
The body'sadrenergic responsecauses the "cool and clammy" presentation.
Hyperglycemia typically presents withwarm, dry skinand develops more slowly. EMTs shouldadminister oral glucoseif the patient can swallow.
References:
NREMT Medical Guidelines - Endocrine Emergencies
AAOS EMT Textbook (11th ed.), Chapter: Endocrine and Metabolic Emergencies National EMS Education Standards - Diabetic Emergencies
NEW QUESTION # 223
A 67-year-old patient reports crushing chest pressure. The vital signs are BP 156/98, P 64, R 14, and SpO2
94%. What treatments should the EMT provide first? Select the two correct options.
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
The patient's symptoms are consistent with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The first-line treatments are:
* Aspirin (160-325 mg): inhibits platelet aggregation, reducing clot progression.
* Oxygen: administered when SpO# < 94% or signs of hypoxia/distress are present.
CPAP is for pulmonary edema or respiratory failure. Nitroglycerin requires BP > 90 systolic and medical direction approval. Laying the patient supine may increase myocardial workload and is inappropriate unless hypotension occurs.
References:
NREMT Cardiology and Resuscitation Guidelines
AHA ACLS Provider Manual (2020) - Acute Coronary Syndrome Treatment
National EMS Education Standards - Cardiovascular Emergencies
NEW QUESTION # 224
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