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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| System Hacking | - Malware threats and system exploitation - Gaining access and privilege escalation |
| Cloud and IoT Security | - Cloud computing security concepts - IoT security fundamentals |
| Reconnaissance Techniques | - Scanning networks and enumeration - Footprinting and information gathering |
| Cryptography | - Encryption, hashing, and cryptanalysis |
| Wireless and Mobile Security | - Mobile platform vulnerabilities - Wireless network attacks |
| Web and Application Security | - Web application hacking techniques |
| Network Attacks | - Sniffing and session hijacking - Denial of Service (DoS/DDoS) |
| Introduction to Ethical Hacking | - Ethical hacking concepts and methodology |
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NEW QUESTION # 452
During a penetration test against a network defended by a signature-based Intrusion Detection System (IDS), the tester initiates a port scan but notices that traditional scanning methods like full SYN or TCP Connect scans are being flagged and blocked. To evade detection, the tester modifies their approach: they split the TCP headers into multiple smaller IP segments before sending them across the network. This ensures that the IDS sees only incomplete segments of the packet. Once these segments reach the target, the destination host reassembles them and processes the scan as a normal SYN request. No alerts are raised on the IDS, yet the scan reveals open ports on the target. Which evasion technique has the tester most likely employed to avoid triggering IDS alerts?
Answer: D
Explanation:
By fragmenting the TCP headers into multiple smaller IP segments, the tester prevents the IDS from seeing a complete packet signature. The target host reassembles the fragments and processes them normally, allowing the scan to succeed while bypassing signature-based IDS detection.
NEW QUESTION # 453
MidWest BioAnalytics, a pharmaceutical research firm in Columbus, Ohio, authorizes a controlled adversarial simulation to assess the resilience of its internal web-based inventory management platform.
During the exercise, administrators observe that several active client connections briefly lose synchronization, and unexpected command patterns appear within system transaction logs.
The irregularities are subtle and become apparent only after reviewing stored network captures. Executive leadership requests a solution that can maintain ongoing visibility into network exchanges and highlight activity that diverges from typical communication behavior across the organization's infrastructure.
Which approach best satisfies this requirement?
Answer: A,B,C,D,E
NEW QUESTION # 454
Sarah, an ethical hacker at a San Francisco-based financial firm, is testing the security of their customer database after a recent data exposure incident. Her analysis reveals that the sensitive client information is safeguarded using a symmetric encryption algorithm. She observes that the algorithm processes data in 64-bit blocks and supports a variable key size from 32 to 448 bits. During her penetration test, Sarah intercepts a ciphertext transmission and notes that the encryption was developed as a replacement for DES, an older algorithm. She aims to determine if the algorithm's flexible key size could be susceptible to brute-force attacks. The algorithm is also noted for its use in secure storage, a critical application for the firm's data protection.
Which symmetric encryption algorithm should Sarah identify as the one used by the firm?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Blowfish is the only option that matches all the technical characteristics described. In CEH cryptography concepts, symmetric algorithms are commonly distinguished by their structure (block cipher versus stream cipher), block size, and supported key lengths. The question states the algorithm encrypts data in 64-bit blocks and supports a variable key size ranging from 32 bits up to 448 bits, and it was introduced as a replacement for DES. Blowfish fits precisely: it is a symmetric block cipher with a 64-bit block size and a configurable key length from 32 to 448 bits, designed to be fast in software and positioned historically as an alternative to older ciphers such as DES.
The other choices do not align with these identifying properties. RC4 is a stream cipher and does not operate on fixed-size blocks, so it cannot match the 64-bit block requirement. AES is a block cipher but uses a 128-bit block size with fixed key sizes of 128, 192, or 256 bits, not 32 to 448 bits. Twofish, while related historically as a successor-era design, also uses a 128-bit block size and fixed key sizes up to 256 bits, so it does not match either.
From a CEH perspective, the mention of variable key sizes also hints at risk evaluation: shorter keys in any cipher can be brute-forced, so secure deployments require strong key length selection and proper key management. Additionally, Blowfish's 64-bit block size can be a concern in large-volume encryption scenarios due to block collision risks, which is why modern systems often prefer 128-bit block ciphers for new designs.
NEW QUESTION # 455
in the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) v3.1 severity ratings, what range does medium vulnerability fall in?
Answer: B
Explanation:
NEW QUESTION # 456
A telecommunications company in Boston, Massachusetts implements a security measure on its perimeter devices to mitigate reflection-based disruptions during a threat exercise. Engineers configure the system to inspect all arriving data flows and discard those with source addresses that do not match expected external address ranges.
This prevents malicious requests from masquerading as valid traffic, effectively reducing attempts that depend on forged IP source addresses to exploit third-party servers for amplified replies.
Which DoS mitigation technique was implemented by the organization?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Ingress Filtering is the correct mitigation because the control examines traffic entering a network boundary and rejects packets whose claimed source addresses are inconsistent with where they arrived from. Reflection and amplification attacks commonly depend on forged source IP addresses so that third-party servers send their much larger responses to the victim. BCP 38, RFC 2827, specifically defines network ingress filtering as a method for defeating denial-of-service attacks that employ IP source-address spoofing. Egress filtering applies similar validation to traffic leaving a network, whereas TCP Intercept is aimed primarily at SYN-flood protection and rate limiting only controls traffic volume. CEH v13 Module 10 covers DoS/DDoS techniques and countermeasures; in the scenario, validating inbound source addresses directly addresses the spoofing mechanism that enables reflection-based disruption.
NEW QUESTION # 457
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