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Die ISC CISSP Zertifizierungsprüfung stellt eine wichtige Position in der IT-Branche dar, worüber viele IT-Experten sich einig sind. Die ISC CISSP (Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP)) Zertifizierungsprüfung zu bestehen ist jedoch nicht einfach. Es erfordert umfangreiche Fachkenntnisse und Erfahrungen, weil die ISC CISSP Zertifizierungsprüfung sowieso eine autoritäre Prüfung, die das Niveau der IT-Fachkenntnissen überprüft. Wenn Sie das ISC CISSP Zertifikat bekommen, wird Ihre Fähigkeit von den Firmen akzeptiert. Das bedeutet, dass die zielgerichteten Schulungsunterlagen von Pass4Test sehr wirksam ist. Mit unseren Prüfungsmaterialien können Sie 100% die Prüfung bestehen.
| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Communication and Network Security | 13% | - Implement secure design principles in networks
|
| Security Assessment and Testing | 12% | - Design and validate assessment strategies
|
| Identity and Access Management | 13% | - Manage identification and authentication
|
| Security Architecture and Engineering | 13% | - Apply cryptography
|
| Software Development Security | 11% | - Assess software security effectiveness
|
| Security and Risk Management | 15% | - Develop and manage security policies
|
| Security Operations | 13% | - Implement incident management
|
| Asset Security | 10% | - Identify and classify information and assets
|
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282. Frage
What is the second phase of public key infrastructure (PKI) key/certificate life-cycle management?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
the second phase of public key infrastructure (PKI) key/certificate life-cycle management is the issued phase, which means that the digital certificate and the corresponding public-private key pair are generated, signed, and delivered to the entity, such as a user, device, or process, that requested or applied for the certificate and the key pair. The issued phase can help to ensure the validity, authenticity, or integrity of the certificate and the key pair, by using various methods, techniques, or tools, such as cryptographic algorithms, digital signatures, or certificate authorities, that can create, verify, or certify the certificate and the key pair. The other phases of public key infrastructure (PKI) key/certificate life-cycle management are:
* Initialization Phase: The first phase, which means that the entity initiates, submits, or registers the request or application for the certificate and the key pair, by providing the necessary information, data, or details, such as the identity, role, or privilege of the entity, that are required or sufficient to identify, authenticate, or authorize the entity, to access or use the systems, networks, or resources, of an organization.
* Maintenance Phase: The third phase, which means that the certificate and the key pair are monitored, updated, or renewed, to ensure the effectiveness, efficiency, or relevance of the certificate and the key pair, as well as to address any changes, issues, or feedbacks, that may arise or occur in the organization, environment, or situation.
* Revocation Phase: The fourth phase, which means that the certificate and the key pair are invalidated, suspended, or terminated, to prevent or avoid any unauthorized, improper, or malicious use of the certificate and the key pair, such as in the case of compromise, expiration, or replacement of the certificate and the key pair.
Implementation Phase, Cancellation Phase, or Initialization Phase are not the second phase of public key infrastructure (PKI) key/certificate life-cycle management, as they are either more related to the other phases, stages, or steps, such as implementation, which means to execute, activate, or apply the certificate and the key pair, to access or use the systems, networks, or resources, of an organization, cancellation, which means to withdraw, cancel, or reject the request or application for the certificate and the key pair, such as in the case of denial, error, or duplication of the request or application, or initialization, which means to initiate, submit, or register the request or application for the certificate and the key pair, that are performed or conducted before or after the issued phase, during the public key infrastructure (PKI) key/certificate life-cycle management process, or to the other activities, tasks, or functions, such as execution, withdrawal, or initiation, that are performed or conducted during the public key infrastructure (PKI) key/certificate life-cycle management process, rather than to the issued phase, during the public key infrastructure (PKI) key/certificate life-cycle management process.
283. Frage
What is the name of the software that prevents users from seeing all items or directories on a computer and is most commonly found in the UNIX/Linux environment?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
Shadowing, used for Unix password files hides the password hash.
IF SHAWDOWING IS ACTIVE:
If the shawdowing is active the /etc/passwd would look like this:
root:x:0:1:0000:/: sysadm:x:0:0:administration:/usr/admin:/bin/rsh
The password filed is substituted by "x".
The /etc/shawdow file only readable by root will look similar to this:
root:D943/sys34:5288::
super user accounts
Cathy:masai1:5055:7:120
all other users
The first field contains users id:the second contains the password(The pw will be NONE if logining in remotely is deactivated):the third contains a code of when the password was last changed:the fourth and the fifth contains the minimum and the maximum numbers of days for pw changes(Its rare that you will find this in the super user logins due to there hard to guess passwords)
284. Frage
Which of the following security control is intended to avoid an incident from occurring?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
Preventive controls are intended to avoid an incident from occurring For your exam you should know below information about different security controls
Deterrent Controls Deterrent Controls are intended to discourage a potential attacker. Access controls act as a deterrent to threats and attacks by the simple fact that the existence of the control is enough to keep some potential attackers from attempting to circumvent the control. This is often because the effort required to circumvent the control is far greater than the potential reward if the attacker is successful, or, conversely, the negative implications of a failed attack (or getting caught) outweigh the benefits of success. For example, by forcing the identification and authentication of a user, service, or application, and all that it implies, the potential for incidents associated with the system is significantly reduced because an attacker will fear association with the incident. If there are no controls for a given access path, the number of incidents and the potential impact become infinite. Controls inherently reduce exposure to risk by applying oversight for a process. This oversight acts as a deterrent, curbing an attacker's appetite in the face of probable repercussions. The best example of a deterrent control is demonstrated by employees and their propensity to intentionally perform unauthorized functions, leading to unwanted events. When users begin to understand that by authenticating into a system to perform a function, their activities are logged and monitored, and it reduces the likelihood they will attempt such an action.
Many threats are based on the anonymity of the threat agent, and any potential for identification and association with their actions is avoided at all costs. It is this fundamental reason why access controls are the key target of circumvention by attackers. Deterrents also take the form of potential punishment if users do something unauthorized. For example, if the organization policy specifies that an employee installing an unauthorized wireless access point will be fired, that will determine most employees from installing wireless access points.
Preventative Controls Preventive controls are intended to avoid an incident from occurring. Preventative access controls keep a user from performing some activity or function. Preventative controls differ from deterrent controls in that the control is not optional and cannot (easily) be bypassed. Deterrent controls work on the theory that it is easier to obey the control rather than to risk the consequences of bypassing the control. In other words, the power for action resides with the user (or the attacker). Preventative controls place the power of action with the system, obeying the control is not optional. The only way to bypass the control is to find a flaw in the control's implementation.
Compensating Controls Compensating controls are introduced when the existing capabilities of a system do not support the requirement of a policy. Compensating controls can be technical, procedural, or managerial. Although an existing system may not support the required controls, there may exist other technology or processes that can supplement the existing environment, closing the gap in controls, meeting policy requirements, and reducing overall risk. For example, the access control policy may state that the authentication process must be encrypted when performed over the Internet. Adjusting an application to natively support encryption for authentication purposes may be too costly. Secure Socket Layer (SSL), an encryption protocol, can be employed and layered on top of the authentication process to support the policy statement. Other examples include a separation of duties environment, which offers the capability to isolate certain tasks to compensate for technical limitations in the system and ensure the security of transactions. In addition, management processes, such as authorization, supervision, and administration, can be used to compensate for gaps in the access control environment.
Detective Controls Detective controls warn when something has happened, and are the earliest point in the post-incident timeline. Access controls are a deterrent to threats and can be aggressively utilized to prevent harmful incidents through the application of least privilege. However, the detective nature of access controls can provide significant visibility into the access environment and help organizations manage their access strategy and related security risk. As mentioned previously, strongly managed access privileges provided to an authenticated user offer the ability to reduce the risk exposure of the enterprise's assets by limiting the capabilities that authenticated user has. However, there are few options to control what a user can perform once privileges are provided. For example, if a user is provided write access to a file and that file is damaged, altered, or otherwise negatively impacted (either deliberately or unintentionally), the use of applied access controls will offer visibility into the transaction. The control environment can be established to log activity regarding the identification, authentication, authorization, and use of privileges on a system. This can be used to detect the occurrence of errors, the attempts to perform an unauthorized action, or to validate when provided credentials were exercised. The logging system as a detective device provides evidence of actions (both successful and unsuccessful) and tasks that were executed by authorized users.
Corrective Controls When a security incident occurs, elements within the security infrastructure may require corrective actions. Corrective controls are actions that seek to alter the security posture of an environment to correct any deficiencies and return the environment to a secure state. A security incident signals the failure of one or more directive, deterrent, preventative, or compensating controls. The detective controls may have triggered an alarm or notification, but now the corrective controls must work to stop the incident in its tracks. Corrective controls can take many forms, all depending on the particular situation at hand or the particular security failure that needs to be dealt with.
Recovery Controls Any changes to the access control environment, whether in the face of a security incident or to offer temporary compensating controls, need to be accurately reinstated and returned to normal operations. There are several situations that may affect access controls, their applicability, status, or management. Events can include system outages, attacks, project changes, technical demands, administrative gaps, and full-blown disaster situations. For example, if an application is not correctly installed or deployed, it may adversely affect controls placed on system files or even have default administrative accounts unknowingly implemented upon install. Additionally, an employee may be transferred, quit, or be on temporary leave that may affect policy requirements regarding separation of duties. An attack on systems may have resulted in the implantation of a Trojan horse program, potentially exposing private user information, such as credit card information and financial data. In all of these cases, an undesirable situation must be rectified as quickly as possible and controls returned to normal operations.
The following answers are incorrect:
Deterrent - Deterrent controls are intended to discourage a potential attacker Corrective - Corrective control fixes components or systems after an incident has occurred
Recovery - Recovery controls are intended to bring the environment back to regular operations
The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
CISA Review Manual 2014 Page number 44 and Official ISC2 CISSP guide 3rd edition Page number 50 and 51
285. Frage
Which inherent password weakness does a One Time Password (OTP) generator overcome?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
The inherent password weakness that a One Time Password (OTP) generator overcomes is that static passwords are easily disclosed, meaning that they can be revealed or exposed to unauthorized parties, such as attackers, hackers, or eavesdroppers, who can then use them to impersonate or compromise the user or the device. A static password can be disclosed by various means, such as phishing, social engineering, keylogging, shoulder surfing, or network sniffing. An OTP generator is a device or a software that generates and displays a password that is valid only for one authentication session or a short period of time, and that is changed or replaced for each subsequent authentication session. An OTP generator overcomes the inherent weakness of a static password that it is easily disclosed, as it makes the password unpredictable and unusable for unauthorized parties, even if they manage to obtain or intercept the password. Static passwords must be changed frequently, static passwords are too predictable, and static passwords are difficult to generate are not inherent password weaknesses that an OTP generator overcomes, as they are either not related to the disclosure of the password, or they are not addressed or solved by the OTP generator. References:
* [Password]
* [Static Password]
* [OTP Generator]
286. Frage
Which of the following backup methods is primarily run when time and tape space permits, and is used for the system archive or baselined tape sets?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
The Full Backup Method is primarily run when time and tape space permits, and is used for the system archive or baselined tape sets. Source: KRUTZ, Ronald L. & VINES, Russel D., The CISSP Prep Guide: Mastering the Ten Domains of Computer Security, 2001, John Wiley & Sons, Page 69.
287. Frage
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