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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Competency 2: Political and Economic Forces | - Market Economy vs. Command Economy - Property Rights and the Rule of Law |
| Competency 1: International Trade and Currency Exchange | - Introduction to International Trade Theories - Impact of Interest Rates on Financial Flows and Exchange Rates - Currency Exchange Rate Determination |
| Competency 3: Economic Decision-Making by Firms and Customers | - Firm Behavior Under Different Market Structures (Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Oligopoly) - Consumer Behavior (Budget Constraint, Indifference Curves) |
| Key Topics Across All Competencies | - Global Business Strategies and Porter's Framework - Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Impacts - International Trade Policies (Tariffs, Quotas) - Supply and Demand Shifts - Elastic vs. Inelastic Goods - Currency Appreciation and Depreciation |
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질문 # 61
What is the definition of globalization?
정답：A
설명：
InGlobal Economics for Managers, globalization is defined asthe close integration of countries and peoples of the world, which makes option C the correct and most comprehensive answer. This definition reflects the central idea that globalization is a broad process through which national economies become increasingly interconnected and interdependent. It emphasizes integration rather than any single outcome such as trade expansion or regulatory change.
Globalization involves the growing cross-border movement of goods and services, capital flows, labor migration, technology transfer, and information exchange. For managers, this integration fundamentally alters business decision making by expanding market opportunities while simultaneously increasing exposure to global competition and risk. Firms must evaluate international sourcing options, global consumer demand, exchange rate movements, and geopolitical conditions when making strategic choices.
Option A is incorrect because globalization is not primarily defined by the expansion of regulatory authority.
While regulatory coordination may arise as economies integrate, it is a secondary effect rather than the core meaning of globalization. Option B refers to product customization and market segmentation, which are managerial marketing strategies and not a defining feature of globalization. Option D is too narrow because globalization is not limited to creating a single global market for goods and services; it also includes international financial integration, labor mobility, and the diffusion of ideas and managerial practices.
According toGlobal Economics for Managers, globalization has been driven by trade liberalization, advances in transportation and communication technologies, and declining transaction costs. These forces enable firms to operate global value chains and consumers to access a wider variety of products at lower prices. At the same time, globalization introduces challenges such as increased competitive pressure, economic volatility, and political resistance, all of which managers must account for in decision making.
Therefore, defining globalization as the close integration of countries and peoples accurately captures its scope and relevance within the context of business decision making in the global environment.
질문 # 62
What is one of the four strategic goals of firms looking for potential locations?
정답：A
설명：
Market-seeking is one of the major strategic goals firms pursue when choosing international locations. A market-seeking firm enters or invests in a foreign location to access customers, expand sales, serve local demand, or improve proximity to consumers. Option D is correct because it is a recognized foreign direct investment motive. Firms may also pursue resource-seeking, efficiency-seeking, or strategic asset-seeking goals. Scale-seeking, profit-seeking, and competition-seeking may sound plausible, but they are not the standard location motives used in this framework. Managers evaluate market-seeking opportunities by examining market size, income levels, consumer preferences, growth potential, distribution infrastructure, and competitive intensity. This matters because the reason for entering a location affects entry mode, pricing, staffing, and long-term investment decisions.
질문 # 63
What is a tariff levied on imports that are selling below cost in order to unfairly drive domestic firms out of business?
정답：B
설명：
An antidumping duty is a tariff imposed on imported goods that are sold at unfairly low prices, often below cost or below the price charged in the exporter's home market. Dumping can harm domestic producers because foreign firms may temporarily underprice goods to gain market share or drive competitors out of business. Governments use antidumping duties to offset this unfair pricing and restore competitive conditions.
Option C is correct because it directly identifies the trade remedy used against below-cost imports. Factor endowment refers to a country's available resources, not a tariff. Deadweight cost is the net welfare loss caused by tariffs or other distortions. Opportunity cost is the value of the next best alternative forgone when a choice is made.
질문 # 64
How does the Federal Reserve lower the federal funds rate?
정답：B
설명：
InGlobal Economics for Managers, the Federal Reserve lowers thefederal funds ratebypurchasing government bonds, making option C correct.
Bond purchases increase bank reserves, easing liquidity conditions in the interbank market. With more reserves available, banks lend to each other at lower interest rates, reducing the federal funds rate.
Options A and B raise interest rates, while option D is fiscal policy.
Therefore, option C is correct.
질문 # 65
Which term best describes a market structure of limited competition in which the market is shared by a small number of sellers?
정답：A
설명：
InGlobal Economics for Managers, anoligopolyis defined as a market structure characterized bylimited competition in which a small number of sellers dominate the market, making option C the correct answer.
These firms collectively control a large share of total market output, and each firm's actions significantly influence the behavior and profitability of the others.
Oligopolistic markets are common in industries with high barriers to entry, such as automobiles, airlines, telecommunications, and energy. Barriers may include economies of scale, high capital requirements, technological advantages, or government regulation. Because only a few firms operate in the market, strategic decision making becomes critical.
Option A, monopoly, involves a single seller. Option B, monopolistic competition, includes many sellers offering differentiated products. Option D, perfect competition, involves many sellers with no market power.
Global Economics for Managersemphasizes that oligopolies are marked by strategic interaction, where firms must anticipate competitors' reactions when setting prices, output, advertising, or investment levels. This interdependence distinguishes oligopoly from other market structures.
Thus, option C accurately describes a market structure with limited competition and a small number of sellers.
질문 # 66
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