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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Supply Chain and Inventory Management | 20% | - Supply Chain Design
|
| Forecasting and Project Management | 20% | - Demand Forecasting
|
| Capacity Planning and Facility Layout | 15% | - Capacity Concepts
|
| Quality Management Methods | 25% | - Total Quality Management (TQM)
|
| Process Design and Analysis | 20% | - Process Performance
|
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NEW QUESTION # 50
Which total quality management (TQM) process was developed to stress management's responsibility for quality?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The14 Points for Quality Improvement, developed byW. Edwards Deming, explicitly stressmanagement' s responsibility for qualityand form a foundational element of Total Quality Management (TQM).
Deming argued that quality problems aresystemic, meaning they originate primarily from management- controlled processes rather than individual workers. His 14 Points call on leadership to create an environment where quality can thrive throughlong-term thinking, process improvement, and employee involvement.
Key management-focused principles include:
* Creating constancy of purpose
* Adopting a new philosophy of quality
* Eliminating dependence on inspection
* Driving out fear in the workplace
* Breaking down departmental barriers
* Instituting leadership instead of supervision
Unlikestatistical quality control charts, which are technical tools, Deming's points definemanagerial behavior and organizational culture. "Fitness for use" is a definition of quality, not a management system, and product design quality focuses only on one stage of the product lifecycle.
In Operations Management, Deming's framework reshaped how organizations view quality-shifting responsibilityupward to leadership, not downward to operators. This philosophy underpins continuous improvement, employee empowerment, and long-term competitiveness.
By emphasizing leadership accountability, the 14 Points integrate quality into strategy, operations, supplier relationships, and workforce management, making them one of the most influential contributions to modern quality management.
NEW QUESTION # 51
How does a just-in-time (JIT) system influence all functional areas within a company?
Choose 2 answers
Answer: C,E
Explanation:
A just-in-time (JIT) system influences all functional areas byreducing wasteanddeveloping new ways to generate revenue.
First,waste reductionis the most visible and immediate effect of JIT across the organization. JIT eliminates excess inventory, waiting time, overproduction, unnecessary movement, and defects. These improvements require coordination across operations, purchasing, logistics, marketing, and finance, ensuring that all functions align with lean principles.
Second, JIT enablesnew revenue-generation opportunitiesby improving responsiveness, quality, and delivery speed. When an organization becomes more flexible and reliable, it can:
* Offer shorter lead times
* Improve customer satisfaction
* Support customization
* Compete in higher-value market segments
The remaining options are either indirect outcomes or incorrect:
* Enhancing worker ability is a supporting mechanism, not the primary systemic influence
* Demonstrating intrinsic values is cultural, not an operational outcome
* Convenience-based participation contradicts JIT discipline
Operations Management highlights that JIT is anenterprise-wide system, not a production-only method. Its benefits materialize only when all functional areas operate in synchronization.
NEW QUESTION # 52
What are two common drawbacks of implementing an enterprise resource planning (ERP) solution?
Choose 2 answers
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (#270 words):
Two widely recognized drawbacks of ERP implementations are that theytake a long time to implement (and to realize benefits)andrequire extensive, often complex training-optionsAandB.
ERP systems integrate data and processes across functions (planning, procurement, production, inventory, finance, distribution). That integration is valuable, but it also makes implementation complex: processes must be aligned, data standardized, roles clarified, and change managed across departments. As a result, organizations often experience long project timelines before stable adoption and measurable benefits occur.
Training is a major burden because ERP changes how people work day-to-day. Users must learn new transaction flows, reporting logic, and discipline in data entry. Without strong training, adoption collapses into workarounds, bad data, and loss of trust in the system.
This connects to the operations principle that planning and control systems are "mechanisms and operating logics" used to manage resources and supplies over time to meet requests. ERP is one such enabling infrastructure-but it must support operations rather than become a constraint.
While customization can be an issue in some cases, the most universal drawbacks across organizations remain time-to-valueandtraining complexity, makingA and Bthe best answers.
NEW QUESTION # 53
Which type of aggregate plan is preferable when a company produces custom or special purpose equipment, one-of-a-kind items, or highly perishable products?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (#270 words):
Achase aggregate planis preferable for environments withcustom, one-of-a-kind, special-purpose, or highly perishable outputsbecause production is designed to"chase" (match) demandrather than build inventory.
In a level plan, the firm maintains a constant production rate and uses inventory/backorders to absorb demand fluctuation. That works best when products can be stored economically and demand variability can be buffered. For one-of-a-kind and highly perishable items, inventory is either impossible (custom items) or risky and costly (perishability, obsolescence). Therefore, the operationally sound strategy is to adjust capacity to align output with demand.
This links directly to aggregate planning's purpose: validating whether the system has sufficient capacity to meet expected requests and defining the most appropriate combination of resources. The document also highlights that one aggregate planning mechanism is to"produce reactively (react to demand) - requires flexibility."That is the core logic of a chase strategy.
A chase plan typically uses capacity levers like hiring/layoffs, subcontracting, flexible staffing, and overtime-chosen based on the duration and magnitude of demand changes. It prioritizes responsiveness and minimal inventory, which is essential when holding finished goods is undesirable or infeasible.
NEW QUESTION # 54
A comprehensive automobile collision shop offers body and engine repair as well as custom vehicle paint options.
Which two operational processes would suit this shop?
Choose 2 answers
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
An automobile collision shop performingbody repair, engine repair, and custom paint jobsrequires both projectandbatchprocesses.
Aproject processis appropriate because many repair jobs areunique, varying in scope, damage severity, customer requirements, and repair time. Each vehicle may require a distinct sequence of tasks, making standardized flow impractical.
Abatch processis suitable for activities such as painting or part refurbishment, where similar tasks are grouped together to improve efficiency. For example, multiple vehicles may be painted in the same color batch to reduce setup time and material waste.
Line and continuous processes are unsuitable because:
* Repairs are not standardized
* Volume is relatively low
* Customization is high
Operations Management emphasizes aligning process type withproduct variety and volume. This hybrid approach allows flexibility while maintaining efficiency where possible.
NEW QUESTION # 55
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