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>> Valid FCSS_NST_SE-7.6 Exam Questions <<
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NEW QUESTION # 63
A FortiGate administrator is troubleshooting a VPN that is failing to establish.
As a first step, the administrator is attempting to sniff the traffic using the command:
# diagnose sniffer packet any ''udp port 500 or udp port 4500 or esp'' 4 After several minutes there is still no output. What is the most Likely reason for this?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The administrator is running a packet sniffer with the filter 'udp port 500 or udp port 4500 or esp'. The result is "no output," even though the VPN is attempting to establish (failing).
* A. The VPN is configured to use IKE over TCP:
* Standard IPsec IKE negotiation uses UDP port 500 (IKE) and UDP port 4500 (NAT-T).
* However, if IKEv2 over TCP (RFC 8229) or Fortinet's proprietary IKE over TCP is configured (often used to bypass firewalls that block UDP), the traffic will use TCP (often port 4500 or 443).
* The sniffer filter explicitly looks for udp or esp (IP Protocol 50).
* If the traffic is encapsulated in TCP, it matches tcp protocol, not udp or esp (raw ESP). Therefore, the sniffer sees zero packets matching the filter.
* Why other options are incorrect:
* B: esp is a valid argument for diagnose sniffer packet. It is equivalent to filtering for IP protocol
50.
* C: If the ISP were blocking traffic, the sniffer (running on the local FortiGate) would still see the outbound packets generated by the FortiGate trying to initiate the connection. "No output" implies the local device isn't even generating packets matching that filter.
* D: Mismatched IKE versions would still generate IKE negotiation packets (proposals/errors) that would be captured by the sniffer.
Reference:
FortiGate Security 7.6 Study Guide (IPsec VPN): "IKEv2 over TCP is available for environments where UDP 500/4500 is blocked. When enabled, IKE and ESP packets are encapsulated in TCP headers."
NEW QUESTION # 64
Refer to the exhibit, which shows a partial output of the fssod daemon real-time debug command.
What two conclusions can you draw from the output? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
https://community.fortinet.com/t5/FortiGate/Troubleshooting-Tip-How-to-troubleshoot-FSSO-agentless-polling/ta-p/214349 From the snippet we can see that FortiGate (via the fssod daemon) is directly detecting the user logon rather than relying on a separate "collector" or "DC agent." This indicates agentless polling-FortiGate polls the DC's event logs over TCP 445 to discover logons. So: - FSSO is using agentless polling mode to detect logon events - In agentless mode, FortiGate will periodically poll the same IP (the DC) on port 445 to see if the user is still logged on
NEW QUESTION # 65
Refer to the exhibit.
The output of diagnose sys session list command is shown.
If the HA ID for the primary device is 9, what happens if the primary fails and the secondary becomes the primary?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The output of the diagnose sys session list command provides the critical evidence needed to determine the behavior during a failover:
Session Synchronization (synced):
The most important indicator in the exhibit is the synced flag located in the state= line (state=may_dirty synced none app_ntf).
In FortiOS HA (High Availability), the synced flag confirms that this specific session has been successfully synchronized from the primary device to the secondary (backup) device.
Session synchronization (Session Pickup) ensures that if the primary unit fails, the secondary unit already has the session in its table and can resume traffic processing immediately.
TCP State (proto_state=01):
The output shows proto=6 (TCP) and proto_state=01.
In the FortiGate session table, proto_state=01 for TCP indicates that the session is in the ESTABLISHED state (post-three-way handshake).
This invalidates Option B, which claims the TCP session is not fully established.
Failover Outcome:
Because the session is ESTABLISHED and SYNCED, the secondary device will seamlessly take over the session upon primary failure.
The traffic continues to flow through the new primary without requiring the user/client to restart the connection. This is the primary function of HA Session Pickup.
Why other options are incorrect:
A: While the output shows app_ntf (Application Control notification) and may_dirty, the presence of the synced flag overrides this concern regarding failover. If the session type were not supported for failover (e.g., certain proxy sessions in older versions), it would not be marked as synced. Since it is synced, it persists.
B: As noted, proto_state=01 means established, not "not fully established".
D: While the kernel updates routing tables, the purpose of syncing the session is to preserve the state so it does not need to be re-evaluated as a new packet would, preventing traffic drops.
Reference:
FortiGate Security 7.6 Study Guide (High Availability): "If session pickup is enabled, the primary unit synchronizes its session table... to the backup unit. If the primary unit fails, the backup unit... continues to process the sessions with no interruption."
NEW QUESTION # 66
Exhibit.
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of a session. Which two statements are true? (Choose Iwo.)
Answer: A,C
NEW QUESTION # 67
Refer to the exhibit.
The exhibit shows a session entry.
Which statement about this TCP session is true?
Answer: B
Explanation:
To determine the correct statement, we must analyze the specific fields in the diagnose sys session list output provided in the exhibit.
Analyze Option A (The session is offloaded using NP7):
Evidence: The key indicator is the line npu info: flag=0x81/0x81, offload=8/8, ips_offload=1/1.
This specific npu info output format, particularly the offload=8/8 and ips_offload=1/1 counters, is characteristic of NP7 (Network Processor 7) acceleration.
Legacy NP6 processors typically display np6_0 flags or different offload state bitmaps. The NP7 architecture supports full hardware offloading of sessions including IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) processing, which is explicitly shown here as ips_offload. The offload=8/8 indicates that both the original and reply directions are fully offloaded to the NPU.
Analyze Option C (It is a TCP session from 10.9.31.117 to 10.1.0.3):
Evidence: The hook=post line shows the SNAT translation: 10.9.31.117:45388->200.8.57.5:443(10.1.0.3:
45388).
Source: 10.9.31.117 (The client).
Destination: 200.8.57.5 (The external server on port 443).
NAT IP: 10.1.0.3 is the IP address the FortiGate uses for Source NAT (SNAT) as traffic leaves the interface.
It is not the destination of the session.
Conclusion: This statement is False.
Analyze Option D (The session will expire in one second):
Evidence: The session info line displays expire=3599.
The expire counter indicates how many seconds remain until the session is removed (if no further packets are seen). A value of 3599 seconds indicates the session was just refreshed (likely having a 3600-second timeout) and will expire in approximately one hour, not one second.
Conclusion: This statement is False.
Analyze Option B (Return traffic to the initiator is sent to...):
While the gateway for reply traffic (gwy=.../10.9.31.117) suggests return traffic goes to that IP, Option A provides the definitive technical observation regarding the hardware architecture (NP7) tested in this exam module.
Reference:
FortiGate Security 7.6 Study Guide (Hardware Acceleration): "On NP7 platforms, the diagnose sys session list command includes an npu info line. offload=8/8 indicates the session is fully offloaded. ips_offload indicates the IPS engine on the NPU is inspecting the traffic."
NEW QUESTION # 68
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