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NEW QUESTION # 65 
Referring to the exhibit, you are configuring a Junos router to provide connectivity to a building across town on the network 10.10.10.0/24. The next-hop router is at 10.10.1.1, which is reachable using interface ge-0/0/1.
After committing the configuration in the exhibit, users report they still cannot reach the 10.10.10.0/24 network, and the route does not appear as active in the routing table. In this scenario, which statement is correct?
Answer: D
Explanation:
In Junos OS, the Routing Engine (RE) performs a validation check on every entry in the Routing Information Base (RIB). For a static route to be considered valid and transition to an active state in the inet.0 table, its designated next hop must be resolvable . A next-hop address is resolvable only if the router has an existing route (typically a directly connected route) to that specific IP address.
According to the exhibit, the static route for 10.10.10.0/24 has been configured with a next hop of 10.1.1.1 .
However, the scenario states that the actual gateway router is located at 10.10.1.1 . If the local interface (ge-0
/0/1) is configured with an IP in the 10.10.1.0/x subnet, the router will have a direct route to 10.10.1.1, but it will likely have no path to the 10.1.1.1 address provided in the exhibit.
Because the router cannot resolve the next hop 10.1.1.1 , the static route is placed in an " inactive " or " hidden " state. It will not be installed in the forwarding table pushed to the Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE), and standard show route commands will not display it unless specific flags like hidden or all are used. This logic ensures that the router does not attempt to forward packets into a " black hole " where the gateway is logically unreachable. To fix this, the administrator must modify the configuration to point to the correct, reachable next-hop address of 10.10.1.1.
Reference: Routing Fundamentals, Static Route Resolution, and Troubleshooting Routing Tables.
NEW QUESTION # 66
Which statement describes the primary purpose of a routing policy in Junos OS?
Answer: D
Explanation:
In Junos OS, a routing policy is a powerful tool used to manage the flow of routing information between the Routing Information Base (RIB) and routing protocols. Unlike forwarding decisions, which are handled by the Packet Forwarding Engine, routing policies function within the control plane on the Routing Engine. Their primary purpose is to define specific criteria for importing routes into the routing table from neighbors or exporting routes from the routing table to neighbors.
Routing policies consist of terms containing from (match) and then (action) statements. They allow administrators to filter prefixes (e.g., denying specific BGP routes), modify route attributes (e.g., changing OSPF metrics or BGP communities), and manipulate path selection behavior. For example, an export policy might be used to ensure that only specific internal subnets are advertised to an ISP via BGP, preventing the accidental leakage of private infrastructure addresses. By default, Junos applies " default policies " for each protocol (such as OSPF accepting all OSPF routes), but custom policies allow for granular control over how the device interacts with the rest of the network. This ensures that the routing table contains only the desired paths for optimal traffic engineering.
Reference: Routing Policy and Firewall Filters, Policy Framework.
NEW QUESTION # 67
Click the Exhibit button.
How is traffic, sourced from 10.0.0.0/8, treated by the firewall filter shown in the exhibit?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Junos OS firewall filters operate on a sequential, " first-match " logic, but their behavior is significantly influenced by the use of terminating versus non-terminating actions. In this exhibit, a packet with a source address of 10.0.0.0/8 is evaluated against the filter named test.
Evaluation begins with term 1 . The packet matches the source-address criteria, triggering the actions defined in the then statement. The first action is log, which sends the packet header information to the firewall task buffer for logging. The second action is next term . This is a critical non-terminating action ; it instructs the Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE) to continue the evaluation process using the subsequent term in the filter rather than stopping after the match.
Evaluation then moves to term 2 . Because term 2 contains no from match conditions, it acts as a " catch-all " for any traffic that reaches it. The action in this term is reject . This is a terminating action that discards the packet and sends an ICMP " destination unreachable " message back to the source. Therefore, the packet is first recorded by the logging process and is subsequently dropped by the rejection mechanism. If next term had not been present in term 1 , the packet would have been implicitly accepted (as any matched term without a terminating action like discard, reject, or accept defaults to an implicit accept in that specific term).
However, the explicit instruction to move forward ensures the packet hits the reject statement.
Reference: Routing Policy and Firewall Filters, Firewall Filter Actions, next-term evaluation.
NEW QUESTION # 68
Which protocol is used to discover the Layer 2 (MAC) address of a next hop for IPv6 hosts?
Answer: D
Explanation:
In the IPv6 protocol suite, the traditional Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) used in IPv4 has been deprecated and replaced by the Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP). NDP is a multifaceted protocol built upon the Internet Control Message Protocol version 6 (ICMPv6). Its primary purpose is to allow a host or router to determine the Layer 2 hardware (MAC) address of a neighbor on the same local link when only the neighbor ' s IPv6 address is known.
This specific process is known as Neighbor Solicitation and Neighbor Advertisement. When a Junos device needs to resolve a MAC address for an IPv6 next hop, it sends a Neighbor Solicitation (ICMPv6 Type 135) message to the solicited-node multicast address. The target host responds with a Neighbor Advertisement (ICMPv6 Type 136) containing its physical MAC address. Beyond address resolution, NDP also handles Router Discovery, Prefix Discovery, and Duplicate Address Detection (DAD). Unlike ARP, which relies on broadcasts that can impact all hosts on a segment, NDP utilizes efficient multicast communication.
Understanding NDP is critical for Junos architects, as it is the foundational mechanism that facilitates logical- to-physical address mapping in modern IPv6 environments, ensuring that the Packet Forwarding Engine can properly encapsulate frames for local delivery.
Reference: Networking Fundamentals, IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Protocol.
NEW QUESTION # 69
Which command is used to view real-time traffic statistics for all interfaces?
Answer: B
Explanation:
In Junos OS, there is a distinct difference between show commands and monitor commands. While show commands provide a static snapshot of the current state of the device or its interfaces at the moment the command is executed, monitor commands provide dynamic, real-time updates. To view live traffic statistics across all physical and logical interfaces, the correct command is monitor interface traffic.
When this command is executed, the CLI enters an interactive text-based interface (TUI) that displays a list of interfaces along with their input and output rates in bits per second (bps) and packets per second (pps). The display refreshes automatically (usually every few seconds), allowing an administrator to observe traffic spikes or drops as they occur without manually re-running a command. This is an invaluable tool for troubleshooting congestion or verifying that traffic is flowing as expected after a configuration change.
Commands like show interfaces extensive provide significantly more detail-including error counters and physical layer parameters-but they are not real-time and require manual execution to update the statistics.
The monitor interface traffic command simplifies the view to focus specifically on throughput metrics across the entire device. Reference: Operational Monitoring and Maintenance, Interface Monitoring, Real-time Statistics.
NEW QUESTION # 70
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