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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Data Ingestion and Transformation | 34% | - Build and manage data pipelines - Ingest and transform data using AWS services |
| Topic 2: Data Operations and Support | 22% | - Monitor and maintain data pipelines - Troubleshoot data workflow issues |
| Topic 3: Data Store Management | 26% | - Optimize storage performance and cost - Select appropriate data storage solutions |
| Topic 4: Data Security and Governance | 18% | - Apply governance and compliance best practices - Implement data security controls |
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NEW QUESTION # 120
A data engineer develops an AWS Glue Apache Spark ETL job to perform transformations on a dataset.
When the data engineer runs the job, the job returns an error that reads, "No space left on device." The data engineer needs to identify the source of the error and provide a solution.
Which combinations of steps will meet this requirement MOST cost-effectively? (Select TWO.)
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
A "No space left on device" error typically results fromdata skeworlarge shuffle stages. The best actions are:
* B. Monitor using Spark UI and Glue metricsto find skewed partitions or executor issues.
* D. Use --write-shuffle-files-to-s3to offload intermediate data to S3 instead of local disk, andapply saltingto reduce skew.
"You can reduce the impact of data skew and large shuffle operations by monitoring with Spark UI and enabling the --write-shuffle-files-to-s3 option. Salting can help rebalance the skewed keys."
-Ace the AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate Certification - version 2 - apple.pdf Scaling out workers (A, C) is more costly and less efficient if the root cause (skew) is not fixed.
NEW QUESTION # 121
A retail company stores customer data in an Amazon S3 bucket. Some of the customer data contains personally identifiable information (PII) about customers. The company must not share PII data with business partners.
A data engineer must determine whether a dataset contains PII before making objects in the dataset available to business partners.
Which solution will meet this requirement with the LEAST manual intervention?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation: Amazon Macie is a fully managed data security and privacy service that uses machine learning to automatically discover, classify, and protect sensitive data in AWS, such as PII. By configuring Macie for automated sensitive data discovery, the company can minimize manual intervention while ensuring PII is identified before data is shared.
NEW QUESTION # 122
A company is migrating its database servers from Amazon EC2 instances that run Microsoft SQL Server to Amazon RDS for Microsoft SQL Server DB instances. The company's analytics team must export large data elements every day until the migration is complete. The data elements are the result of SQL joinsacross multiple tables. The data must be in Apache Parquet format. The analytics team must store the data in Amazon S3.
Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST operationally efficient way?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Option A is the most operationally efficient way to meet the requirements because it minimizes the number of steps and services involved in the data export process. AWS Glue is a fully managed service that can extract, transform, and load (ETL) data from various sources to various destinations, including Amazon S3. AWS Glue can also convert data to different formats, such as Parquet, which is a columnar storage format that is optimized for analytics. By creating a view in the SQL Server databases that contains the required data elements, the AWS Glue job can select the data directly from the view without having to perform any joins or transformations on the source data. The AWS Glue job can then transfer the data in Parquet format to an S3 bucket and run on a daily schedule.
Option B is not operationally efficient because it involves multiple steps and services to export the data. SQL Server Agent is a tool that can run scheduled tasks on SQL Server databases, such as executing SQL queries.
However, SQL Server Agent cannot directly export data to S3, so the query output must be saved as .csv objects on the EC2 instance. Then, an S3 event must be configured to trigger an AWS Lambda function that can transform the .csv objects to Parquet format and upload them to S3. This option adds complexity and latency to the data export process and requires additional resources and configuration.
Option C is not operationally efficient because it introduces an unnecessary step of running an AWS Glue crawler to read the view. An AWS Glue crawler is a service that can scan data sources and create metadata tables in the AWS Glue Data Catalog. The Data Catalog is a central repository that stores information about the data sources, such as schema, format, and location. However, in this scenario, the schema and format of the data elements are already known and fixed, so there is no need to run a crawler to discover them. The AWS Glue job can directly select the data from the view without using the Data Catalog. Running a crawler adds extra time and cost to the data export process.
Option D is not operationally efficient because it requires custom code and configuration to query the databases and transform the data. An AWS Lambda function is a service that can run code in response to events or triggers, such as Amazon EventBridge. Amazon EventBridge is a service that can connect applications and services with event sources, such as schedules, and route them to targets, such as Lambda functions. However, in this scenario, using a Lambda function to query the databases and transform the data is not the best option because it requires writing and maintaining code that uses JDBC to connect to the SQL Server databases, retrieve the required data, convert the data to Parquet format, and transfer the data to S3.
This option also has limitations on the execution time, memory, and concurrency of the Lambda function, which may affect the performance and reliability of the data export process.
References:
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide
AWS Glue Documentation
Working with Views in AWS Glue
Converting to Columnar Formats
NEW QUESTION # 123
A company receives call logs as Amazon S3 objects that contain sensitive customer information. The company must protect the S3 objects by using encryption. The company must also use encryption keys that only specific employees can use.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST effort?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Option C is correct because SSE-KMS encrypts Amazon S3 objects by using AWS KMS keys, and access to those keys can be controlled through IAM policies and KMS key policies so that only specific employees can use them. This directly satisfies both requirements: encryption of the S3 objects and restriction of key usage to a limited group of authorized users. AWS-managed S3 encryption with KMS also requires far less effort than building or operating a dedicated HSM-based solution. This is the standard AWS answer when the question asks for encrypted S3 data with fine-grained control over who can use the encryption keys.
Option A is far more operationally complex because CloudHSM requires managing dedicated HSM infrastructure. Option B is less desirable operationally because SSE-C requires the customer to provide and manage the keys for every request. Option D is incorrect because SSE-S3 uses Amazon S3 managed keys, and customers do not get the same granular control over key usage by specific employees. Therefore, the least- effort and best-governed solution is SSE-KMS with restricted KMS key access. This aligns with the study guide's security-and-governance focus on using AWS KMS when controlled access to encryption keys is required.
NEW QUESTION # 124
A company is planning to use a provisioned Amazon EMR cluster that runs Apache Spark jobs to perform big data analysis. The company requires high reliability. A big data team must follow best practices for running cost-optimized and long-running workloads on Amazon EMR. The team must find a solution that will maintain the company's current level of performance.
Which combination of resources will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively? (Choose two.)
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
The best combination of resources to meet the requirements of high reliability, cost-optimization, and performance for running Apache Spark jobs on Amazon EMR is to use Amazon S3 as a persistent data store and Graviton instances for core nodes and task nodes.
Amazon S3 is a highly durable, scalable, and secure object storage service that can store any amount of data for a variety of use cases, including big data analytics1. Amazon S3 is a better choice than HDFS as a persistent data store for Amazon EMR, as it decouples the storage from the compute layer, allowing for more flexibility and cost-efficiency. Amazon S3 also supports data encryption, versioning, lifecycle management, and cross-region replication1. Amazon EMR integrates seamlessly with Amazon S3, using EMR File System (EMRFS) to access data stored in Amazon S3 buckets2. EMRFS also supports consistent view, which enables Amazon EMR to provide read-after-write consistency for Amazon S3 objects that are accessed through EMRFS2.
Graviton instances are powered by Arm-based AWS Graviton2 processors that deliver up to 40% better price performance over comparable current generation x86-based instances3. Graviton instances are ideal for running workloads that are CPU-bound, memory-bound, or network-bound, such as big data analytics, web servers, and open-source databases3. Graviton instances are compatible with Amazon EMR, and can beused for both core nodes and task nodes. Core nodes are responsible for running the data processing frameworks, such as Apache Spark, and storing data in HDFS or the local file system. Task nodes are optional nodes that can be added to a cluster to increase the processing power and throughput. By using Graviton instances for both core nodes and task nodes, you can achieve higher performance and lower cost than using x86-based instances.
Using Spot Instances for all primary nodes is not a good option, as it can compromise the reliability and availability of the cluster. Spot Instances are spare EC2 instances that are available at up to 90% discount compared to On-Demand prices, but they can be interrupted by EC2 with a two-minute notice when EC2 needs the capacity back. Primary nodes are the nodes that run the cluster software, such as Hadoop, Spark, Hive, and Hue, and are essential for the cluster operation. If a primary node is interrupted by EC2, the cluster will fail or become unstable. Therefore, it is recommended to use On-Demand Instances or Reserved Instances for primary nodes, and use Spot Instances only for task nodes that can tolerate interruptions. References:
Amazon S3 - Cloud Object Storage
EMR File System (EMRFS)
AWS Graviton2 Processor-Powered Amazon EC2 Instances
[Plan and Configure EC2 Instances]
[Amazon EC2 Spot Instances]
[Best Practices for Amazon EMR]
NEW QUESTION # 125
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