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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Governance and Management of IT | 17% | - IT Policies and Procedures - IT Governance Frameworks - Risk Management and Compliance |
| Topic 2: Information Systems Acquisition, Development and Implementation | 12% | - Testing and Implementation Controls - Project Management Controls - System Development Lifecycle (SDLC) |
| Topic 3: Protection of Information Assets | 27% | - Information Security Governance - Access Control and Identity Management - Data Protection and Security Monitoring |
| Topic 4: Information Systems Operations and Business Resilience | 23% | - Service Level Management - Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery - IT Operations Management |
| Topic 5: Information Systems Auditing Process | 21% | - Audit Standards and Guidelines - Audit Planning and Execution - Audit Reporting and Follow-up |
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NEW QUESTION # 823
Which of the following would an IS auditor use to determine if unauthorized modifications were made to production programs?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Section: Protection of Information Assets
Explanation:
Determining that only authorized modifications are made to production programs would require the change management process be reviewed to evaluate the existence of a trail of documentary evidence.
Compliance testing would help to verify that the change management process has been applied consistently. It is unlikely that the system log analysis would provide information about the modification of programs. Forensic analysis is a specialized technique for criminal investigation. An analytical review assesses the general control environment of an organization.
NEW QUESTION # 824
During a logical access controls review, an IS auditor observes that user accounts are shared. The
GREATEST risk resulting from this situation is that:
Answer: B
Explanation:
Section: Protection of Information Assets
Explanation:
The use of a single user ID by more than one individual precludes knowing who in fact used that ID to
access a system; therefore, it is literally impossible to hold anyone accountable. All user IDs, not just
shared IDs, can be used by unauthorized individuals. Access management would not be any different with
shared IDs, and shared user IDs do not necessarily have easily guessed passwords.
NEW QUESTION # 825
Which of the following access rights in the production environment should be granted to a developer to maintain segregation of duties?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Section: Protection of Information Assets
NEW QUESTION # 826
During an IS audit, auditor has observed that authentication and authorization steps are split into two functions and there is a possibility to force the authorization step to be completed before the authentication step. Which of the following technique an attacker could user to force authorization step before authentication?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
A race condition is when processes carry out their tasks on a shared resource in an incorrect order. A race condition is possible when two or more processes use a shared resource, as in data within a variable. It is important that the processes carry out their functionality in the correct sequence. If process 2 carried out its task on the data before process 1, the result will be much different than if process1 carried out its tasks on the data before process 2.
In software, when the authentication and authorization steps are split into two functions, there is a possibility an attacker could use a race condition to force the authorization step to be completed before the authentication step. This would be a flaw in the software that the attacker has figured out how to exploit. A race condition occurs when two or more processes use the same resource and the sequences of steps within the software can be carried out in an improper order, something that can drastically affect the output. So, an attacker can force the authorization step to take place before the authentication step and gain unauthorized access to a resource.
The following answers are incorrect:
Eavesdropping - is the act of secretly listening to the private conversation of others without their consent, as defined by Black's Law Dictionary. This is commonly thought to be unethical and there is an old adage that "eavesdroppers seldom hear anything good of themselves...eavesdroppers always try to listen to matters that concern them." Traffic analysis - is the process of intercepting and examining messages in order to deduce information from patterns in communication. It can be performed even when the messages are encrypted and cannot be decrypted. In general, the greater the number of messages observed, or even intercepted and stored, the more can be inferred from the traffic. Traffic analysis can be performed in the context of military intelligence, counter-intelligence, or pattern-of-life analysis, and is a concern in computer security.
Masquerading - A masquerade attack is an attack that uses a fake identity, such as a network identity, to gain unauthorized access to personal computer information through legitimate access identification. If an authorization process is not fully protected, it can become extremely vulnerable to a masquerade attack.
Masquerade attacks can be perpetrated using stolen passwords and logons, by locating gaps in programs, or by finding a way around the authentication process. The attack can be triggered either by someone within the organization or by an outsider if the organization is connected to a public network. The amount of access masquerade attackers get depends on the level of authorization they've managed to attain. As such, masquerade attackers can have a full smorgasbord of cyber crime opportunities if they've gained the highest access authority to a business organization. Personal attacks, although less common, can also be harmful.
Following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
CISA review manual 2014 Page number 324
Official ISC2 guide to CISSP CBK 3rd Edition Page number 66
CISSP All-In-One Exam guide 6th Edition Page Number 161
NEW QUESTION # 827
Which of the following is the process of repeating a portion of a test scenario or test plan to ensure that
changes in information system have not introduced any errors?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Section: Information System Acquisition, Development and Implementation
Explanation/Reference:
Regression testing is the process of rerunning a portion of a test scenario or test plan to ensure that
changes or corrections have not introduced new errors. The data used in regression testing should be
same as original data.
For CISA exam you should know below mentioned types of testing
Alpha and Beta Testing - An alpha version is early version is an early version of the application system
submitted to the internal user for testing. The alpha version may not contain all the features planned for the
final version. Typically, software goes to two stages testing before it consider finished. The first stage is
called alpha testing is often performed only by the user within the organization developing the software. The
second stage is called beta testing, a form of user acceptance testing, generally involves a limited number
of external users. Beta testing is the last stage of testing, and normally involves real world exposure,
sending the beta version of the product to independent beta test sites or offering it free to interested user.
Pilot Testing -A preliminary test that focuses on specific and predefined aspect of a system. It is not meant
to replace other testing methods, but rather to provide a limited evaluation of the system. Proof of concept
are early pilot tests - usually over interim platform and with only basic functionalities.
White box testing - Assess the effectiveness of a software program logic. Specifically, test data are used in
determining procedural accuracy or conditions of a program's specific logic path. However, testing all
possible logical path in large information system is not feasible and would be cost prohibitive, and therefore
is used on selective basis only.
Black Box Testing - An integrity based form of testing associated with testing components of an information
system's "functional" operating effectiveness without regards to any specific internal program structure.
Applicable to integration and user acceptance testing.
Function/validation testing - It is similar to system testing but it is often used to test the functionality of the
system against the detailed requirements to ensure that the software that has been built is traceable to
customer requirements.
Regression Testing -The process of rerunning a portion of a test scenario or test plan to ensure that
changes or corrections have not introduced new errors. The data used in regression testing should be
same as original data.
Parallel Testing - This is the process of feeding test data into two systems - the modified system and an
alternative system and comparing the result.
Sociability Testing -The purpose of these tests is to confirm that new or modified system can operate in its
target environment without adversely impacting existing system. This should cover not only platform that
will perform primary application processing and interface with other system but, in a client server and web
development, changes to the desktop environment. Multiple application may run on the user's desktop,
potentially simultaneously, so it is important to test the impact of installing new dynamic link libraries
(DLLs), making operating system registry or configuration file modification, and possibly extra memory
utilization.
The following were incorrect answers:
Parallel Testing - This is the process of feeding test data into two systems - the modified system and an
alternative system and comparing the result.
Black Box Testing - An integrity based form of testing associated with testing components of an information
system's "functional" operating effectiveness without regards to any specific internal program structure.
Applicable to integration and user acceptance testing.
Pilot Testing -A preliminary test that focuses on specific and predefined aspect of a system. It is not meant
to replace other testing methods, but rather to provide a limited evaluation of the system. Proof of concept
are early pilot tests - usually over interim platform and with only basic functionalities
The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
CISA review manual 2014 Page number 167
NEW QUESTION # 828
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