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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Scanning Networks | 8% | - Scanning Beyond IDS/Firewall - Network Scanning Basics - Service & OS Fingerprinting - Scanning Countermeasures - AI-Assisted Scanning - Host & Port Discovery |
| Topic 2: IoT & OT Security | 4% | - Attacks on IoT & OT Systems - IoT/OT Architecture & Risks - Security Controls |
| Topic 3: Social Engineering | 6% | - Countermeasures & Awareness - Phishing, Pretexting, Baiting - Identity Theft - Social Engineering Concepts |
| Topic 4: Sniffing | 5% | - Sniffing Countermeasures - MITM Attacks - Sniffing Tools & Techniques - Packet Sniffing Concepts |
| Topic 5: Introduction to Ethical Hacking | 5% | - Cyber Kill Chain & MITRE ATT&CK - Information Security Concepts - Ethical Hacking Methodology - Legal and Ethical Compliance |
| Topic 6: Evading IDS, Firewalls, and Honeypots | 5% | - IDS, IPS, Firewall Technologies - Evasion Techniques - Honeypot Concepts & Detection |
| Topic 7: Session Hijacking | 4% | - Hijacking Techniques - Application & Network Level Hijacking - Session Hijacking Concepts - Countermeasures |
| Topic 8: Wireless Networks | 5% | - Wireless Threats & Attacks - Wireless Hacking Tools - Security Best Practices - Wireless Encryption: WEP, WPA2, WPA3 |
| Topic 9: Vulnerability Analysis | 8% | - Vulnerability Research & Databases - Vulnerability Assessment Lifecycle - Vulnerability Classification & Scoring - Scanning & Analysis Tools |
| Topic 10: Malware Threats | 7% | - AI-Powered Malware - Malware Analysis & Countermeasures - APT & Fileless Malware - Malware Types: Trojans, Viruses, Worms |
| Topic 11: Footprinting and Reconnaissance | 7% | - Reconnaissance Countermeasures - OSINT Techniques - DNS, WHOIS, Network Mapping - Reconnaissance Concepts |
| Topic 12: System Hacking | 8% | - Privilege Escalation - Gaining Access: Password Attacks - Clearing Tracks & Logs - Maintaining Access |
| Topic 13: Mobile Platforms | 4% | - Android & iOS Vulnerabilities - Mobile Attack Vectors - Mobile Device Security |
| Topic 14: Enumeration | 7% | - AI-Driven Enumeration - NetBIOS, SNMP, LDAP Enumeration - DNS, SMTP, NFS Enumeration - Enumeration Countermeasures - Enumeration Concepts |
| Topic 15: Web Server & Application Attacks | 8% | - Web Application Attacks: XSS, CSRF - API Security Risks - Web Server Vulnerabilities - SQL Injection & Command Injection - Web Security Countermeasures |
| Topic 16: Denial-of-Service | 4% | - Defense Mechanisms - DDoS Tools - Attack Techniques & Botnets - DoS & DDoS Concepts |
| Topic 17: Cryptography | 5% | - Encryption Concepts & Algorithms - Public Key Infrastructure - Cryptanalysis & Attacks - Cryptography in Practice |
| Topic 18: Cloud Computing | 5% | - Cloud Models & Services - Cloud Security Risks - AWS, Azure, GCP Attacks - Cloud Security Best Practices |
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NEW QUESTION # 443
There have been concerns in your network that the wireless network component is not sufficiently secure.
You perform a vulnerability scan of the wireless network and find that it is using an old encryption protocol that was designed to mimic wired encryption, what encryption protocol is being used?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) may be a security protocol, laid out in the IEEE wireless local area network (Wi-Fi) standard, 802.11b, that's designed to supply a wireless local area network (WLAN) with A level of security and privacy like what's usually expected of a wired LAN. A wired local area network (LAN) is usually protected by physical security mechanisms (controlled access to a building, for example) that are effective for a controlled physical environment, but could also be ineffective for WLANs because radio waves aren't necessarily bound by the walls containing the network. WEP seeks to determine similar protection thereto offered by the wired network's physical security measures by encrypting data transmitted over the WLAN. encoding protects the vulnerable wireless link between clients and access points; once this measure has been taken, other typical LAN security mechanisms like password protection, end-to-end encryption, virtual private networks (VPNs), and authentication are often put in situ to make sure privacy.A research group from the University of California at Berkeley recently published a report citing "major security flaws" in WEP that left WLANs using the protocol susceptible to attacks (called wireless equivalent privacy attacks).
within the course of the group's examination of the technology, they were ready to intercept and modify transmissions and gain access to restricted networks. The Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance (WECA) claims that WEP - which is included in many networking products - was never intended to be the only security mechanism for a WLAN, and that, in conjunction with traditional security practices, it's very effective.
NEW QUESTION # 444
A Linux system allows passwordless sudo for multiple commands. What security principle is violated?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct answer is D, Least privilege. In Linux, sudo temporarily grants elevated/root-level privileges to execute administrative commands. The CEH-aligned principle of least privilege requires that users, services, and processes receive only the minimum permissions needed to perform their authorized tasks. Allowing passwordless sudo for multiple commands weakens this control because a normal user can execute privileged actions without reauthentication, increasing the risk of accidental misuse, insider abuse, credential compromise, or privilege escalation. CEH materials emphasize least privilege as an authorization control and also note that sudo provides temporary root privileges. Zero trust is broader and focuses on continuous verification, defense in depth uses layered controls, and CIA refers to confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The specific misconfiguration here is excessive privilege assignment, so the violated security principle is least privilege. A secure configuration should tightly scope sudo permissions to only required commands and users, require authentication where appropriate, and log privileged actions.
NEW QUESTION # 445
An AWS security operations team receives an alert regarding abnormal outbound traffic from an EC2 instance. The instance, which previously handled backend microservices, begins transmitting encrypted data packets to an external domain. Upon deeper investigation, it is discovered that the external domain resolves to a Dropbox account not associated with the organization. Network flow logs confirm a consistent pattern of data transfers to this destination during off-peak hours. Further forensic analysis reveals that a malicious executable was silently installed on the instance, which modifies the sync configuration of the Dropbox client to use the attacker's access token. This enables the compromised EC2 instance to automatically sync selected data folders with the attacker's Dropbox storage, bypassing traditional perimeter defenses. What type of attack has likely occurred?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The attacker abused a legitimate cloud synchronization service by injecting a malicious executable and replacing the Dropbox access token. This allowed continuous, encrypted data exfiltration through trusted cloud infrastructure without triggering perimeter defenses, which is characteristic of a Man-in-the-Cloud attack.
NEW QUESTION # 446
In Seattle, Washington, ethical hacker Mia Chen is tasked with testing the network defenses of Pacific Shipping Co., a major logistics firm. During her penetration test, Mia targets the company's external-facing web server, which handles customer tracking requests. She observes that the security system filtering traffic to this server analyzes incoming SSH and DNS requests to block unauthorized access attempts. Mia plans to craft specific payloads to bypass this system to expose vulnerabilities to the IT department.
Which security system is Mia attempting to bypass during her penetration test of Pacific Shipping Co.'s web server?
Answer: B
Explanation:
An Application-Level Firewall, commonly called an application-level gateway or proxy firewall, inspects traffic at the application layer and enforces rules based on specific application protocols and commands. In CEH-aligned coverage of perimeter defenses, this firewall type is distinguished by its ability to understand protocol behavior and content for services such as DNS and SSH, rather than relying only on IP addresses, ports, and basic connection state.
The question states the filtering system "analyzes incoming SSH and DNS requests to block unauthorized access attempts." That wording points directly to application-aware inspection: it is evaluating protocol- specific requests, not merely allowing or denying traffic based on port numbers. A packet filtering firewall generally makes decisions using network and transport layer information such as source and destination IP, protocol, and port, without parsing DNS queries or SSH negotiation details. A circuit-level gateway firewall focuses on validating session establishment and connection properties, typically without deep inspection of the application commands inside the session. A stateful multilayer inspection firewall can track connection state and sometimes incorporate deeper inspection, but the strongest and most explicit match to "analyzes SSH and DNS requests" in CEH terminology is the application-level firewall, which uses proxies or protocol engines to parse and filter application traffic.
From an ethical testing perspective, attempts to "craft specific payloads" often involve probing how the firewall validates protocol fields, handles malformed requests, or enforces policy on application commands.
Defenders mitigate these risks through strict proxy policy configuration, robust protocol validation, patching, logging, and limiting exposed services to only what is required.
NEW QUESTION # 447
An attacker, using a rogue wireless AP, performed an MITM attack and injected an HTML code to embed a malicious applet in all HTTP connections. When users accessed any page, the applet ran and exploited many machines. Which one of the following tools the hacker probably used to inject HTML code?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is C. Ettercap. Ettercap is a well-known Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attack framework frequently covered in CEH wireless and network attack concepts. It supports ARP poisoning, traffic interception, packet manipulation, content filtering, and HTTP injection, making it capable of modifying web traffic in transit.
In the scenario, the attacker established a rogue wireless access point and intercepted users ' HTTP traffic. By positioning himself between the victim and the destination website, the attacker could modify the HTTP response and inject malicious HTML code containing a Java applet or script. Ettercap includes filtering capabilities that allow attackers to alter web pages before they reach the victim, making it the most appropriate tool for this attack.
The other options are less suitable. Wireshark and Tcpdump are packet capture and analysis tools used primarily for monitoring network traffic, not for modifying or injecting content. Aircrack-ng focuses on wireless security assessment tasks such as packet capture, wireless reconnaissance, and cracking WEP/WPA keys, but it is not designed for HTTP content injection.
CEH Exam Tip:
Ettercap = MITM + ARP Poisoning + Traffic Manipulation + HTTP/HTML Injection.
NEW QUESTION # 448
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