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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Understanding and defining business needs | - Alignment of procurement with organisational objectives - Role of procurement in identifying and defining needs |
| Topic 2: Demand management and value for money | - Demand analysis and forecasting - Balancing cost, quality, and risk - Whole life costing and total cost of ownership |
| Topic 3: Specification development | - Key performance indicators and measurable requirements - Stakeholder engagement in requirements definition - Types of specifications (input, output, conformance) |
| Topic 4: Risk, sustainability, and compliance considerations | - Legal and regulatory constraints affecting specifications - Managing procurement and supply risks - Sustainability and ethical sourcing requirements |
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NEW QUESTION # 250
Which of these are variable costs?
* Staff overtime
* Premises costs
* Insurance costs
* Material costs
Answer: B
Explanation:
Variable costs are those that fluctuate based on production levels, usage, or business activity. Understanding these is essential when developing a business case, as they affect operational cost planning.
The CIPS L4M2 Study Guide, Chapter 3: Whole-life costing and cost management, defines:
"Variable costs change with the level of output or activity. These include costs such as raw materials, fuel, energy based on usage, and overtime wages." Analysis:
* 1. Staff overtime - Variable. Incurred based on workload or production requirements.
* 2. Premises costs - Fixed. Rent or lease payments do not vary with production.
* 3. Insurance costs - Fixed. Usually a set annual premium.
* 4. Material costs - Variable. Directly linked to the amount of goods produced.
Correct answer: B (1 and 4 only)
CIPS Study Guide Reference:
* Module: L4M2 - Defining Business Needs
* Chapter 3: Cost Types
* Section: Fixed and Variable Costs
NEW QUESTION # 251
Which of the following are examples of environmental and social criteria in supplier tender evaluation?
* Compliance with labour standards
* Carbon footprint measures
* Compliance with technical specification
* After-sales maintenance service levels
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (from CIPS L4M2 - Sustainable Procurement Evaluation) Environmental criteria: carbon emissions, waste, resource efficiency.
Social criteria: labour standards, equality, community impact.
Thus, 1 and 2 fit perfectly.
Items 3 and 4 are quality or service considerations, not sustainability metrics.
Relevant L4M2 references:
* "Incorporating sustainability in tender evaluation"
* "Triple bottom line and responsible sourcing"
NEW QUESTION # 252
John has been asked to develop a business case before obtaining approval to purchase a large piece of capital equipment for a glove manufacturing unit. Is this the right thing to do?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Detailed Explanation:
A business case allows for the evaluation of alternatives and ensures alignment with strategic goals. It also assesses risks, benefits, and financial impact, providing a comprehensive basis for decision-making.
Reference: CIPS Level 4, Capital Expenditure and Business Case Development.
NEW QUESTION # 253
Which one of the following would allow an established company to develop a competitive advantage over new entrants to its market?
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 254
When procuring a machinery, at which stage buyer must check whether it is working to the stand-ards set out in the design specification?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Through-life Management involves the life-cycle management of the products, services and activities required to deliver a fully integrated capability to the customer, while reducing the cost of ownership for the customer.
Source: Andrew Graves
The installation stage occurs in In-Service Operations. At this stage, the machinery is shipped and installed on the buyer's premises and check to ensure that it is working to the standards set out in the design specification.
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.2
NEW QUESTION # 255
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