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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Reconnaissance Techniques | 21% | - Scanning Networks
|
| Topic 2: Information Security and Ethical Hacking Overview | 6% | - Ethical Hacking Overview
|
| Topic 3: Web Application Attacks | 19% | - Web Application Concepts and Attacks
|
| Topic 4: Cryptography and Post-Exploitation | 13% | - Post-Exploitation Techniques
|
| Topic 5: Enumeration | 15% | - Enumeration Concepts
|
| Topic 6: Malware Threats | 8% | - Malware Analysis and Distribution
|
| Topic 7: Cloud and Container Attacks | 10% | - Cloud Computing Concepts
|
| Topic 8: Mobile Platform and IoT Attacks | 7% | - IoT and OT Attacks
|
| Topic 9: System Hacking | 17% | - System Hacking Tools and Countermeasures
|
| Topic 10: Sniffing and Evasion | 10% | - Network Evasion
|
| Topic 11: Wireless Network Attacks | 9% | - Wireless Hacking Methodology
|
| Topic 12: Vulnerability Analysis | 7% | - Vulnerability Assessment Concepts
|
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NEW QUESTION # 740
You are Jordan, a cryptographic assessor at Cascade Data in Portland, Oregon, reviewing the protection applied to telemetry logs. Your review finds an algorithm that operates on 128-bit blocks, accepts keys up to
256 bits, and the documentation notes it was one of the finalists in the AES selection process that aimed to replace legacy DES. Which symmetric encryption algorithm should you identify as being used?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct answer is D. Twofish because the question explicitly describes a symmetric cipher that: (1) works on 128-bit blocks, (2) supports keys up to 256 bits, and (3) was a finalist in the AES selection process intended to replace DES. Twofish matches all of these characteristics. It is a symmetric block cipher designed by Bruce Schneier and colleagues, and it was one of the five AES finalists (along with Rijndael, Serpent, RC6, and MARS). Twofish uses a 128-bit block size and allows key sizes of 128, 192, or 256 bits, aligning precisely with the "up to 256-bit keys" clue.
Why the other choices do not fit: RC4 is a stream cipher, not a 128-bit block cipher, and it is not an AES finalist. AES itself (Rijndael) is the algorithm that ultimately won the AES competition; the prompt says the algorithm was a finalist, not necessarily the winner, and the description is intended to distinguish a finalist option from AES itself. Blowfish supports variable key lengths up to 448 bits but uses a 64-bit block size, not
128-bit blocks, and it was not an AES finalist (Twofish was designed as Blowfish's successor with a larger block size to address modern requirements).
In practical terms, the block size and key size characteristics matter for security and performance: 128-bit blocks are standard for modern symmetric encryption, and 256-bit keys provide a high security margin for long-term protection of sensitive logs. The mention of AES finalization also signals that this algorithm belongs to the same generation of modern block ciphers designed with strong resistance to cryptanalysis and efficient software/hardware implementation.
Therefore, based on the stated properties and its AES finalist status, the symmetric encryption algorithm is Twofish.
NEW QUESTION # 741
During a routine security audit, administrators found that cloud storage backups were illegally accessed and modified. What countermeasure would most directly mitigate such incidents in the future?
Answer: D
Explanation:
According to CEH v13 Cloud Computing, backup integrity and resilience are critical components of cloud security. The 3-2-1 backup model is a widely recommended best practice to mitigate unauthorized access, data corruption, and ransomware-related incidents.
The 3-2-1 rule dictates that organizations should maintain:
* 3 copies of critical data
* Stored on 2 different media types
* With 1 copy stored offsite or offline
This approach ensures that even if one backup is compromised, altered, or deleted-as described in the scenario-clean and trusted versions of the data remain available for restoration. CEH v13 emphasizes that offline or immutable backups significantly reduce the impact of malicious modification.
Option A focuses on physical security, which does not protect cloud backups. Option B addresses availability, not integrity. Option C is relevant to web application security, not backup protection.
CEH v13 explicitly highlights backup segregation and redundancy as key countermeasures against cloud data compromise. Therefore, Option D is the most direct and effective mitigation strategy.
NEW QUESTION # 742
What does an ACK scan mainly identify?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct answer is B because an ACK scan is mainly used to determine firewall filtering rules, not to identify services or directly confirm open and closed ports. In CEH scanning methodology, an ACK scan sends TCP packets with only the ACK flag set and analyzes how the target or intermediate firewall responds.
CEH material states that ACK probe scanning helps identify filtering systems: if an RST packet is returned, packets to that port are not being filtered; if there is no response, a stateful firewall is likely filtering the packet. Another CEH exam-focused reference similarly notes that ACK probes check filtering at the remote end; no response indicates a stateful firewall between the attacker and host, while an RST response indicates there is not. Services are better identified through version detection or banner grabbing, while open ports are commonly identified with SYN or TCP connect scans. Therefore, the best CEH answer is firewall rules.
NEW QUESTION # 743
In the crisp mountain air of Denver, Colorado, ethical hacker Lila Chen investigates the security framework of MediVault, a U.S.-based healthcare platform used by regional clinics to manage patient data. During her review, Lila discovers that sensitive records are weakly protected, allowing attackers to intercept and manipulate the information in transit. She warns that such weaknesses could be exploited to commit credit- card fraud, identity theft, or similar crimes. Further analysis reveals that MediVault is vulnerable to well- documented flaws such as cookie snooping and downgrade attacks.
Which issue is MOST clearly indicated?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The best answer is B. Cryptographic Failures because the scenario centers on weak protection of sensitive data in transit, enabling an attacker to intercept and manipulate the information. In CEH-aligned web and application security concepts (and consistent with modern web risk categories), cryptographic failures occur when an application does not properly use cryptography or secure transport protections to ensure confidentiality and integrity of sensitive data. If transport encryption is missing, weak, or incorrectly configured, attackers can perform man-in-the-middle style interception, tamper with traffic, steal session material, and exfiltrate regulated data-leading to outcomes like identity theft and payment card fraud, exactly as described.
The references to cookie snooping and downgrade attacks further reinforce this. Cookie snooping is commonly associated with session cookies being exposed due to insecure transport (for example, lack of HTTPS, mixed content, or cookies missing secure attributes), allowing an attacker on the network path to capture session identifiers and hijack accounts. Downgrade attacks occur when an attacker forces a connection to use weaker security settings (such as older TLS versions or insecure cipher suites) or coerces a fallback from HTTPS to HTTP when protections like HSTS are absent or misapplied. Both issues are tightly linked to improper cryptographic configuration and transport-layer security weaknesses.
Why the other options are not the best match: Broken Access Control concerns authorization-what users are allowed to access-not interception/manipulation of traffic. Identification and Authentication Failures focus on login/session identity mechanisms (passwords, MFA, session handling) but the key failure here is the weakness of cryptographic protection for data in transit. Security Misconfiguration can be a contributing cause (e.g., misconfigured TLS), but the question emphasizes the resulting weakness category-insufficient cryptographic/transport protections-making Cryptographic Failures the most precise answer.
Therefore, MediVault's exposure to interception, manipulation, cookie snooping, and downgrade attacks most clearly indicates Cryptographic Failures.
NEW QUESTION # 744
Which of the following tools is used to detect wireless LANs using the 802.11a/b/g/n WLAN standards on a linux platform?
Answer: A
Explanation:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismet_(software)
Kismet is a network detector, packet sniffer, and intrusion detection system for 802.11 wireless LANs. Kismet will work with any wireless card which supports raw monitoring mode, and can sniff 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11 g, and 802.11n traffic.
NEW QUESTION # 745
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