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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Application Design and Build | 20% | - Define, build and modify container images - Choose and use the right workload resource (Deployment, DaemonSet, CronJob, etc.) - Utilize persistent and ephemeral volumes - Understand multi-container Pod design patterns (e.g., sidecar, init and others) |
| Services and Networking | 20% | - Provide and troubleshoot access to applications via services - Demonstrate basic understanding of NetworkPolicies - Use Ingress rules to expose applications |
| Application Observability and Maintenance | 15% | - Utilize container logs - Debugging in Kubernetes - Implement probes and health checks - Understand API deprecation policies - Use built-in CLI tools to monitor Kubernetes applications |
| Application Deployment | 20% | - Use Kubernetes primitives to implement common deployment strategies (e.g., blue/green or canary) - Kustomize - Use the Helm package manager to deploy existing packages - Understand Deployments and how to perform rolling updates |
| Application Environment, Configuration and Security | 25% | - Discover and use resources that extend Kubernetes (CRD, Operators) - SecurityContexts - ServiceAccounts - ConfigMaps and Secrets - Understand authentication, authorization and admission control - Understanding and defining resource requirements, limits and quotas |
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NEW QUESTION # 35
Refer to Exhibit.
Context
Developers occasionally need to submit pods that run periodically.
Task
Follow the steps below to create a pod that will start at a predetermined time and]which runs to completion only once each time it is started:
* Create a YAML formatted Kubernetes manifest /opt/KDPD00301/periodic.yaml that runs the following shell command: date in a single busybox container. The command should run every minute and must complete within 22 seconds or be terminated oy Kubernetes. The Cronjob namp and container name should both be hello
* Create the resource in the above manifest and verify that the job executes successfully at least once
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
NEW QUESTION # 36
You have a Kubernetes Job that runs a Python script for data processing. The script takes 30 minutes to complete, and you need to ensure that the Job is retried up to 3 times if it fails. Additionally, you want the Job to complete within a maximum of 45 minutes. Create a Job YAML file with appropriate configuration.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create a Job YAML file:
2. Apply the Job YAML file: bash kubectl apply -f data-processing-job.yaml 3. Monitor the Job: bash kubectl get jobs -w This will show the status of the Job, including its completion status and retries, if any. 4. Examine the Job's Pods: bash kubectl get pods -l job-name-data-processing-job You can use the 'kubectl logs command to cneck tne logs of tne POdS created by tne Job to investigate any potential failures. - 'backoffLimit: 3': This specifies that the Job can be retried up to 3 times in case of failures. - 'activeDeadlineSeconds: 2700': This sets the maximum duration for the Job to run (2700 seconds, which is equal to 45 minutes). If the Job exceeds this time limit, it will be automatically terminated. - 'restartPolicy: Never: This ensures that Pods created by the Job will not be restarted automatically. - 'command: ["python", "data_processing_script.py'T: This defines the command to execute inside the container. - 'resources-requests': This defines the minimum resource requirements for the container, including CPU and memory. - 'resources-limits: This can be used to define maximum resource limits for the container. This setup will attempt to run the data processing script If it fails, it will be retried up to 3 times, with an increasing delay between each retry. The Job will be terminated after 45 minutes if it does not complete successfully.,
NEW QUESTION # 37
Context
Task
A deployment is falling on the cluster due to an incorrect image being specified. Locate the deployment, and fix the problem.
Answer:
Explanation:
create deploy hello-deploy --image=nginx --dry-run=client -o yaml > hello-deploy.yaml Update deployment image to nginx:1.17.4: kubectl set image deploy/hello-deploy nginx=nginx:1.17.4
NEW QUESTION # 38
You have a Kubernetes cluster with a Deployment that runs a critical web application. The application's codebase is in a Git repository, and you want to automatically deploy a new version of the application whenever a new commit is pushed to the 'master branch ot the repository. You need to ensure that the deployment process iS seamless and doesn't result in downtime for the web application.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
I). Set up a Git repository:
- Create a Git repository on a platform like GitHub, GitLab, or Bitbucket.
- Store your web application's code in this repository
2. Configure a webhook:
- Go to the settings of your Git repository and configure a webhook.
- The webhook URL should point to your Kubernetes clusters API server.
- Set the webhook event to 'push' and the branch to 'master
3. Create a Deployment
- Create a Deployment YAML file with the following configuration:
4. Create a Kubernetes Secret: - Store your Git repository's credentials in a Kubemetes secret - This secret will be used to authenticate the webhook request from your Git repository. 5. Create a Job: - Create a Job YAML file with the following configuration:
6. Apply the resources: - Apply the Deployment, Secret, and Job YAML files to your Kubernetes cluster 7. Test the deployment: - Push a new commit to the 'master' branch of your Git repository. - Observe that the Job runs and updates the Deployment with the new image. - VeriSi that the web application is still accessible during the update process.
NEW QUESTION # 39
You are deploying a new microservice called 'payment-service' that requires access to a confidential data volume mounted at /sensitive- data'. This volume is mounted as a Secret in Kubernetes. The 'payment-service' container should only be allowed to access this volume. You need to configure the PodSecurityPolicy to enforce this access restriction.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
I). Create a PodSecurityPoIicy:
- Create a YAML file for your P0dSecurityP01icy.
- Define the 'apiVersion' and 'kind'
- Add a 'metadata' section with a unique name for the policy (e.g., 'payment-service-psp').
- In the 'spec' section:
- Set 'runAsUser' to ' RunAsAny' to allow any user ID.
- Set readOnlyRootFilesystem' to 'talse' to allow modifications within the container.
- Set 'hostNetworR to 'false' to avoid using the host's network.
- Set 'allowPrivilegeEscalatiorU to 'false' to prevent privilege escalation.
- In the 'volumes' sectiom
- Define 'hostPath' as the allowed volume type with the specified path "Isensitive-data'
2. Apply the PodSecurityPolicy: - Use ' kubectl apply -f payment-service-psp.yamr to create the PodSecurityPoIicy in your cluster. 3. Create a ServiceAccount: - Create a new ServiceAccount tor the 'payment-service deployment. - Apply the ServiceAccount YAML file using 'kubectl apply -f payment-service-sa_yamr 4. Bind the PodSecurityPolicy to the ServiceAccount: - Create a RoleBinding to bind the 'payment-service-psp' to the 'payment-service' ServiceAccount - Apply the RoleBinding YAML file using "kubectl apply -f payment-service-rb.yaml'
5. Deploy the Payment Service: - Create the 'payment-service' Deployment configuration. - Specify the 'payment-service' ServiceAccount in the field. - Define the 'volumeMount tor the 'sensitive-data' volume and specify the corresponding 'volume' in the 'volumes' section. - Ensure the volume is mounted as a Secret from the 'default' namespace.
- The PodSecurityPolicy restricts the benavior of pods and their containers. - 'runAslJser' , 'readOnlyRootFilesystem', 'hostNetwork' , and sallowPrivilegeEscalation' define various security constraints for the container. - The 'volumes' section specifies allowed volume types (e.g., 'hostPath') and paths. - The ServiceAccount binds the PodSecurityPolicy to the deployment. - The ROIeBinding assigns the PodSecurityPolicy to the ServiceAccount, effectively enforcing the specified constraints. This configuration ensures that only the payment-service' deployment can access the confidential data volume mounted as a Secret in Kubernetes.
NEW QUESTION # 40
......
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