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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: EMS Operations | - Operational procedures
|
| Topic 2: Cardiology & Resuscitation | - Cardiac emergencies
|
| Topic 3: Airway, Respiration & Ventilation | - Airway management
|
| Topic 4: Trauma | - Traumatic injuries
|
| Topic 5: Medical, Obstetrics & Pediatrics | - Medical emergencies
|
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NEW QUESTION # 77
An EMT assists a 29-year-old patient with a metered-dose inhaler. After the patient inhales the medication, what should the EMT instruct the patient to do?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is C because after inhaling medication from a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) , the patient should hold their breath for about 5-10 seconds .
NREMT-aligned EMT medication administration guidelines emphasize this step because it allows the medication to deposit deeply into the lungs , improving its effectiveness in treating bronchoconstriction.
Immediately exhaling would reduce the amount of medication that reaches the lower airways.
NEW QUESTION # 78
An EMT has just assisted with the delivery of a newborn. At the five-minute mark, the neonate is completely pink with a pulse of 108/min. The neonate has some flexion of their extremities, but the breathing is still slow.
How should the EMT score the following categories of the APGAR scale? Select the correct value for each sign.
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation:
Appearance (Skin Color): # 2 points
* The neonate is completely pink.
* APGAR criteria:
* 0 = blue/pale
* 1 = pink body, blue extremities
* 2 = completely pink
Pulse (Heart Rate): # 2 points
* Heart rate is 108/min.
* APGAR criteria:
* 0 = absent
* 1 = < 100/min
* 2 = # 100/min
Activity (Muscle Tone): # 1 point
* The neonate has some flexion of extremities, but not active motion.
* APGAR criteria:
* 0 = limp
* 1 = some flexion
* 2 = active motion
Respirations: # 1 point
* Breathing is slow, not strong crying.
* APGAR criteria:
* 0 = absent
* 1 = slow or irregular respirations
* 2 = strong cry
Total APGAR Score at 5 Minutes: 6 / 10
Interpretation (NREMT-based):
* A score of 6 indicates the newborn requires continued supportive care, such as warming, positioning, stimulation, and close monitoring.
* No immediate chest compressions are indicated because the heart rate is >100/min.
* Respiratory effort should continue to be assessed closely.
This scoring aligns with NREMT neonatal assessment and APGAR scoring guidelines used for evaluating newborn transition after birth.
NEW QUESTION # 79
A 24-year-old patient was involved in an MVC. The EMT is completing the patient care report. Which of the following statements indicate pertinent negatives? Select the two correct options.
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Pertinent negativesare findings that arenot present, butwould be clinically relevant if they were. For example:
* "No neck or back pain"helps rule out spinal injury
* "No loss of consciousness"informs head trauma assessment
Statements about behavior or initial refusal (B, E) may be documented under patient behavior or refusal, but they are not pertinent negatives. Positive findings like abdominal tenderness arepertinent positives.
References:
NREMT Documentation Standards
National EMS Education Standards - Communication and Documentation
Brady Emergency Care (13th ed.) - Patient Care Reporting
NEW QUESTION # 80
A patient has heart failure with pulmonary edema. They have shortness of breath, and crackles are present in both lungs. The patient is nauseated and has vomited once. The vital signs are BP 90/40, P 110, R 10, and SpO# 89% on room air. Which of the following signs or symptoms prevent the EMT from using CPAP?
Select the three correct options.
Answer: C,E,F
Explanation:
Contraindications to CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) include:
* Hypotension: CPAP can reduce preload and worsen shock (BP < 90 systolic is a contraindication)
* Respiratory rate too low: A rate of 10 is at the low threshold; CPAP requires spontaneous adequate effort
* Active vomiting or nausea: CPAP increases aspiration risk
Crackles and hypoxia are indications, not contraindications, for CPAP. Pulse rate does not influence CPAP use directly.
References:
NREMT Airway Management and Cardiovascular Guidelines
National EMS Education Standards - Respiratory Failure and CPAP
AHA ACLS Provider Manual - Heart Failure and Pulmonary Edema Management
NEW QUESTION # 81
Which of the following pathophysiological responses causes a patient with neurogenic shock to become hypotensive?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (Based on NREMT standards):
Neurogenic shock results from damage to the spinal cord, most commonly at or above the thoracic level.
NREMT education emphasizes that this injury disrupts the sympathetic nervous system, which normally maintains vascular tone.
Option C is correct because loss of sympathetic tone leads to widespread vasodilation, causing hypotension and often bradycardia, distinguishing neurogenic shock from other shock types.
Option A is incorrect because acetylcholine inhibition is not the mechanism.
Option B describes cardiogenic shock.
Option D describes septic (distributive) shock.
NREMT highlights that recognizing neurogenic shock is critical, as treatment priorities differ from hypovolemic shock.
NEW QUESTION # 82
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