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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Security and Access | 10% | - SSL/TLS configuration - User authentication (Remote Auth, LDAP, RADIUS) - Packet filtering - Role-based access control (RBAC) |
| Local Traffic Management (LTM) | 30% | - Pools and pool members - SSL profiles and offloading - iRules and persistence profiles - Health monitors and monitory types - Virtual servers (Standard, Performance L4, Forwarding) - Load balancing modes |
| Initial Setup and Configuration | 20% | - NTP and DNS configuration - Initial provisioning (Provisioning, License) - Network failover setup - Network configuration (VLANs, Self IPs, Routes) - User management and role-based access |
| Architecture and Components | 15% | - High availability (HA) configurations - Traffic flow and packet processing - BIG-IP system architecture - Device service clustering (DSC) |
| Troubleshooting and Support | 25% | - Common troubleshooting scenarios - Logging and log configuration - tcpdump and network capture - SNMP and monitoring - Performance and resource monitoring - iRules debugging |
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質問 # 31
Users report that traffic is negatively affected every time a BIG-IP device fails over. The traffic becomes stabilized after a few minutes. What should the BIG-IP Administrator do to reduce the impact of future failovers?
正解：C
解説：
When traffic "stabilizes after a few minutes" following a failover, it points to a network-level performance issue involving ARP cache on upstream routers and switches. Each BIG-IP interface has a unique hardware MAC address. During failover, the Standby device takes over the floating IP address, but the upstream switch still associates that IP with the MAC of the now-offline device. Traffic is lost until the switch learns the new MAC or its ARP entry expires. "MAC Masquerading" solves this by creating a shared, virtual MAC address for the floating traffic group.
This virtual MAC is used by whichever device is currently active. Because the MAC address for the virtual server IP never changes from the perspective of the network, the upstream devices do not need to update their ARP tables. This troubleshooting solution eliminates the delay associated with failover, providing a seamless transition and ensuring that application traffic flow is not disrupted when the BIG-IP HA state changes.
質問 # 32
Refer to the exhibit.
A BIG-IP Administrator configured a virtual server with a pool of 3 members and selected the Round Robin load balancing method to evenly distribute traffic across the pool members. During initial testing, traffic was not evenly distributed and the pool member 172.16.20.3 received more traffic than the other pool members.
Refer to the exhibit and the virtual server configuration provided below:
Plaintext
ltm virtual http.vs {
destination 10.10.1.100:http
ip-protocol tcp
mask 255.255.255.255
persist {
source_addr { default yes }
}
pool http.pool
profiles {
tcp{}
}
serverssl-use-sni disabled
source 0.0.0.0/0
source-address-translation {
type automap
}
translate-address enabled
}
What is the most likely cause of this behavior?
正解：A
解説：
The primary reason for the uneven traffic distribution is the presence of a Persistence Profile in the virtual server configuration.
Load Balancing vs. Persistence: While the Round Robin method is designed to distribute new connections sequentially among pool members, Persistence overrides this logic for existing clients.
Source Address Persistence: The configuration shows source_addr persistence is enabled. This ensures that once a client (identified by their source IP) is mapped to a pool member, all subsequent connections from that same IP will be sent to the same member for the duration of the persistence record.
Uneven Distribution Logic: If one source IP address generates significantly more connections or longer-lived sessions than others--or if many clients appear behind a single NAT/Proxy IP--that specific pool member (in this case, 172.16.20.3) will receive a disproportionate amount of traffic compared to the others.
質問 # 33
A Virtual Server uses an iRule to send traffic to pool members depending on the URI. The BIG-IP Administrator needs to modify the pool member in the iRule. Which event declaration does the BIG-IP Administrator need to change to accomplish this?
正解：B
質問 # 34
Exhibit:
A BIG-IP Administrator configured a virtual server with a pool of 3 members and selected the Round Robin load balancing method to evenly distribute traffic across the pool members. During initial testing, traffic was not evenly distributed and the pool member 172.16.20.3 received more traffic than the other pool members.
Refer to the exhibit and the virtual server configuration provided below:
Plaintext
ltm virtual http.vs {
destination 10.10.1.100:http
ip-protocol tcp
mask 255.255.255.255
persist {
source_addr { default yes }
}
pool http.pool
profiles {
tcp{}
}
serverssl-use-sni disabled
source 0.0.0.0/0
source-address-translation {
type automap
}
translate-address enabled
}
What is the most likely cause of this behavior?
正解：A
解説：
The primary reason for the uneven traffic distribution is the presence of a Persistence Profile in the virtual server configuration.
Load Balancing vs. Persistence: While the Round Robin method is designed to distribute new connections sequentially among pool members, Persistence overrides this logic for existing clients.
Source Address Persistence: The configuration shows source_addr persistence is enabled. This ensures that once a client (identified by their source IP) is mapped to a pool member, all subsequent connections from that same IP will be sent to the same member for the duration of the persistence record.
Uneven Distribution Logic: If one source IP address generates significantly more connections or longer-lived sessions than others-or if many clients appear behind a single NAT/Proxy IP-that specific pool member (in this case, 172.16.20.3) will receive a disproportionate amount of traffic compared to the others.
Evaluating Other Options:
Automap (Option A): SNAT Automap changes the source IP between the BIG-IP and the pool member. It does not impact the BIG-IP's ability to load balance incoming client requests.
Ratio Settings (Option B): In the provided exhibit, the pool members have a Ratio of 1, 2, and 3 respectively. While a higher ratio does direct more traffic to a member, the question asks for the "most likely cause" in the context of the provided ltm virtual configuration, which explicitly highlights the persistence override.
HTTP Profile (Option C): Round Robin is a Layer 4 load balancing algorithm and does not require a Layer 7 HTTP profile to function.
質問 # 35
The BIG-IP is experiencing issues with data plane resources. Which traffic processing would be most impacted?
正解：C
解説：
The BIG-IP architecture is divided into two distinct planes: the Control Plane (Management) and the Data Plane (Traffic Management Microkernel - TMM).
* Data Plane (TMM): This plane is responsible for the actual processing of application traffic, including load balancing, SSL offloading, and session management for modules like APM (Access Policy Manager). If data plane resources (CPU/Memory allocated to TMM) are exhausted, active user sessions and traffic throughput are directly degraded.
* APM Sessions: Because APM sessions are managed within the TMM process to ensure high-speed access control and tunneling, they are a primary "Data Plane" function.
* Control Plane Functions: Options A, B, and D (MCPD, Configuration Utility/GUI, and iControl) all reside in the Control Plane (running on the Linux host OS). While a total system hang affects both, a specific "data plane resource issue" is designed to isolate and impact the traffic-handling services like APM while the management GUI might remain responsive.
質問 # 36
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