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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Value Methodology Core Competencies | - Value Concept
- Value Methodology Job Plan Application - Value Methodology Foundations
- Advanced VM Practice (Leadership-level application) - VM Study Execution and Team Management |
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NEW QUESTION # 137
Subject information:
Service Life = 12 years
Fuel = $9.00 per liter
Annual kilometers driven = 40,000 kilometers
Car A: Paid $40,000 , needs batteries every two years at $600 , needs tires every two years at $1,000 , fuel efficiency = 10 kilometers per liter .
Car B: Paid $50,000 , needs tires every two years at $2,000 , fuel efficiency = 15 kilometer per liter .
Car C: Paid $60,000 , needs tires every two years at $4,000 , fuel efficiency = 20 kilometer per liter .
What is the annual cost for Car C for the service life of the vehicle?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct answer is B. $216,000 . The question is asking for the annual operating cost for Car C across the full 12-year service life , not the one-year annual fuel cost alone. In life-cycle cost analysis, SAVE defines life-cycle cost as the sum of initial cost, recurrent annual cost, single expenditures, and disposal cost or salvage value over a specified period. It also defines recurrent annual cost as the operation and maintenance cost that occurs throughout each year of service life.
For Car C , annual fuel use is calculated from the annual driving distance and fuel efficiency:
40,000 km per year ÷ 20 km per liter = 2,000 liters per year
Fuel costs $9.00 per liter , so the annual fuel cost is:
2,000 liters × $9 = $18,000 per year
The service life is 12 years , so the annual cost over the service life is:
$18,000 × 12 years = $216,000
Option A. $18,000 is only the annual cost for one year. Option C. $198,000 has no valid basis from the stated data. Option D. $36,000 would match neither Car C's annual fuel use nor its service-life total. Tire replacement cost is excluded because the question asks for annual cost, not repair and replacement cost.
References/topics: Evaluation Phase; Life-Cycle Cost; Recurrent Annual Cost; Fuel Operating Cost; Service Life Costing.
NEW QUESTION # 138
Match each Phase with its correct question:
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation:
The correct matching follows the logic of the SAVE Value Methodology Job Plan. The Information Phase establishes factual understanding of the study subject, so its controlling question is "What is it?" The SAVE VM Standard describes this phase as reviewing current project conditions and identifying study goals. The Function Analysis Phase asks "What does it do?" because the team defines the project's functions in active verb/measurable noun form and analyzes which functions require improvement, elimination, or creation. The Creativity Phase asks "What else will do it?" because the team identifies alternative ways to perform the required functions. The Evaluation Phase asks "Will it work?" because ideas are screened against value potential, performance requirements, and resource limits. The Development Phase asks "What are the details?" because selected ideas are expanded into documented alternatives or proposals. Finally, the Presentation Phase aligns with "What if?" because decision makers must understand the implications, adequacy, risks, and value improvement opportunity before approving implementation. SAVE identifies these six phases as sequential and states that each phase provides the information needed for successful execution of the next phase.
References/topics: Value Methodology and Job Plan; Information Phase; Function Analysis Phase; Creativity Phase; Evaluation Phase; Development Phase; Presentation Phase.
NEW QUESTION # 139
Which of the following should be considered when preparing the VM study report?
Choose 3 answers.
Answer: C,D,E
Explanation:
The correct answers are B, D, and E . The VM study report is a formal communication tool prepared after the study to document the study process, findings, developed proposals, expected benefits, implementation considerations, and decision-support information. Therefore, the status of the VM study subject must be considered because the report should reflect the current condition, design stage, project phase, constraints, assumptions, and decisions affecting the subject.
The report must also focus on the typical audience of stakeholders and project managers . These readers need clear, usable information to understand the value opportunities, proposal rationale, cost/performance impacts, and implementation requirements. The report should support management action, not simply record technical discussion.
Option E is also correct because the report should be understandable to people who were not directly involved in the VM study . A good VM report allows future reviewers, decision makers, implementation teams, and auditors to understand what was studied, what alternatives were recommended, and why.
Option A is incorrect because "non-study focus groups" are not a primary consideration in preparing the study report. Option C is incorrect because excessive technical language can reduce clarity; the report should be clear, concise, and audience-focused.
References/topics: Presentation Phase; VM Study Report; Stakeholder Communication; Proposal Documentation; Decision Support.
NEW QUESTION # 140
Pareto's law of distribution can be applied to
Choose 4 answers.
Answer: A,B,C,D
Explanation:
The correct answers are A, C, D, and E . Pareto's law of distribution, often expressed as the 80/20 principle , is used in Value Methodology to focus team attention on the "vital few" items that create the greatest effect.
In a VM study, this principle helps the team avoid spreading effort equally across all issues and instead concentrate on the limited number of elements that drive most of the project impact.
It can be applied to time , because a small number of activities often consume most of the schedule or create major delay exposure. It can be applied to quality , because a limited group of defects, failures, or performance gaps may account for most quality problems. It can be applied to risk , because a small number of risk events often carry the largest probability-impact burden. It is also highly applicable to costs , because VM studies commonly use cost models and cost distribution to identify high-cost elements for function analysis and value improvement.
Standards are not normally treated as Pareto-distributed variables; they are requirements or constraints.
Performance is important in VM, but Pareto application is more directly tied to measurable distributions such as cost, time, quality problems, and risk exposure.
References/topics: Information Phase; Pareto Analysis; Cost Modeling; Risk Identification; Quality Drivers; Schedule Drivers.
NEW QUESTION # 141
Which of the following are reasons why the VM facilitator and VM study team members should participate in the Implementation Meeting?
Choose 3 answers
Answer: A,B,C
Explanation:
The correct answers are A, C, and E . The Implementation Meeting is not merely another presentation session; it is the point where management and the project team review the preliminary VM report, determine the disposition of each value alternative, establish action plans for accepted alternatives, obtain implementation commitments, and set timeframes for review and implementation. ( ) The VM facilitator and study team members should participate because they understand the technical basis, assumptions, cost comparisons, performance effects, and risk considerations behind the proposals. Therefore, they are needed to answer cost-impact questions , because accepted alternatives often depend on capital cost, operating cost, life-cycle cost, and implementation-cost implications. They are also needed to respond to technical questions , since the proposal write-ups include descriptions, sketches, assumptions, calculations, vendor information, performance data, and possible negative factors. ( ) They should also address the level of effort required for implementation , because implementation requires action steps, responsibilities, timing, resources, and follow-through. Option B is less appropriate because formal presentation occurs in the Presentation Phase. Option D is not the main purpose; the meeting disposes developed value alternatives, not creates a new set of alternative proposals.
References/topics: Implementation Phase; Implementation Meeting; Disposition of Value Alternatives; Cost Impact; Technical Clarification; Implementation Effort.
NEW QUESTION # 142
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