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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Introduction to Ethical Hacking | 5% | - Ethical Hacking Methodology - Cyber Kill Chain & MITRE ATT&CK - Legal and Ethical Compliance - Information Security Concepts |
| Topic 2: Cryptography | 5% | - Cryptanalysis & Attacks - Public Key Infrastructure - Encryption Concepts & Algorithms - Cryptography in Practice |
| Topic 3: Enumeration | 7% | - DNS, SMTP, NFS Enumeration - Enumeration Countermeasures - NetBIOS, SNMP, LDAP Enumeration - AI-Driven Enumeration - Enumeration Concepts |
| Topic 4: IoT & OT Security | 4% | - Attacks on IoT & OT Systems - IoT/OT Architecture & Risks - Security Controls |
| Topic 5: Social Engineering | 6% | - Identity Theft - Social Engineering Concepts - Phishing, Pretexting, Baiting - Countermeasures & Awareness |
| Topic 6: Sniffing | 5% | - Sniffing Tools & Techniques - MITM Attacks - Packet Sniffing Concepts - Sniffing Countermeasures |
| Topic 7: Denial-of-Service | 4% | - Attack Techniques & Botnets - Defense Mechanisms - DDoS Tools - DoS & DDoS Concepts |
| Topic 8: Cloud Computing | 5% | - Cloud Security Risks - AWS, Azure, GCP Attacks - Cloud Security Best Practices - Cloud Models & Services |
| Topic 9: Footprinting and Reconnaissance | 7% | - OSINT Techniques - Reconnaissance Concepts - Reconnaissance Countermeasures - DNS, WHOIS, Network Mapping |
| Topic 10: System Hacking | 8% | - Clearing Tracks & Logs - Privilege Escalation - Maintaining Access - Gaining Access: Password Attacks |
| Topic 11: Malware Threats | 7% | - Malware Analysis & Countermeasures - AI-Powered Malware - Malware Types: Trojans, Viruses, Worms - APT & Fileless Malware |
| Topic 12: Evading IDS, Firewalls, and Honeypots | 5% | - Honeypot Concepts & Detection - Evasion Techniques - IDS, IPS, Firewall Technologies |
| Topic 13: Session Hijacking | 4% | - Application & Network Level Hijacking - Session Hijacking Concepts - Countermeasures - Hijacking Techniques |
| Topic 14: Wireless Networks | 5% | - Security Best Practices - Wireless Hacking Tools - Wireless Threats & Attacks - Wireless Encryption: WEP, WPA2, WPA3 |
| Topic 15: Scanning Networks | 8% | - Host & Port Discovery - Scanning Countermeasures - Scanning Beyond IDS/Firewall - Network Scanning Basics - AI-Assisted Scanning - Service & OS Fingerprinting |
| Topic 16: Web Server & Application Attacks | 8% | - Web Server Vulnerabilities - API Security Risks - Web Application Attacks: XSS, CSRF - Web Security Countermeasures - SQL Injection & Command Injection |
| Topic 17: Mobile Platforms | 4% | - Mobile Device Security - Mobile Attack Vectors - Android & iOS Vulnerabilities |
| Topic 18: Vulnerability Analysis | 8% | - Vulnerability Research & Databases - Vulnerability Assessment Lifecycle - Scanning & Analysis Tools - Vulnerability Classification & Scoring |
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NEW QUESTION # 722
Your company, Encryptor Corp, is developing a new application that will handle highly sensitive user information. As a cybersecurity specialist, you want to ensure this data is securely stored.
The development team proposes a method where data is hashed and then encrypted before storage. However, you want an added layer of security to verify the integrity of the data upon retrieval. Which of the following cryptographic concepts should you propose to the team?
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 723
During a penetration test at a shipping company in Miami, ethical hacker Daniel delivers a disguised email attachment containing a hidden payload. Once executed by employees, the compromised workstations begin to silently communicate with a remote server under Daniel's control. Over the following week, he confirms that multiple infected endpoints can receive synchronized commands and perform background tasks simultaneously, including sending bursts of outbound traffic on demand.
Which type of malicious component is Daniel most likely simulating in this assessment?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct answer is B. Botnet Agents because the behavior described matches a command-and-control (C2) driven malware model where multiple compromised systems ("bots" or "zombies") communicate with a remote controller and can be issued coordinated commands. In CEH-aligned malware concepts, a botnet is a collection of infected endpoints under centralized or distributed control. The malicious component installed on each infected workstation is commonly referred to as a bot/bot agent, which "checks in" to a C2 server to receive instructions and execute tasks silently in the background.
Several details strongly indicate botnet agent behavior: the payload is delivered via a disguised email attachment (a common initial infection vector), compromised machines silently communicate outbound to a remote server, and-most importantly-Daniel confirms multiple infected endpoints can receive synchronized commands and carry out actions simultaneously. The example of "sending bursts of outbound traffic on demand" aligns with typical botnet capabilities such as orchestrated DDoS traffic generation, mass scanning, spam sending, credential stuffing, or distributed task execution. The sustained observation "over the following week" also fits a botnet model where infected hosts maintain persistence and periodically beacon to C2 for updates and instructions.
Why the other options do not fit: Spyware primarily focuses on covertly collecting information (keystrokes, screenshots, browsing data) rather than executing synchronized commands across many machines. Scareware relies on alarming messages to trick users into paying or installing unwanted software; it does not describe silent C2 coordination. PUAs are typically unwanted but not necessarily malicious, often installed via bundling and usually lack structured C2 for coordinated remote command execution.
Therefore, the malicious component being simulated is best identified as botnet agents operating under C2 control.
NEW QUESTION # 724
Which technique is commonly used by attackers to evade firewall detection?
Answer: D
Explanation:
CEH v13 identifies encrypted communication channels as one of the most common and effective firewall evasion techniques. Firewalls that rely on packet inspection or signature-based filtering often cannot inspect encrypted payloads without SSL/TLS interception capabilities.
By encrypting malicious traffic-using HTTPS, VPN tunnels, or encrypted C2 channels-attackers can bypass firewall rules that inspect packet contents. CEH v13 emphasizes that this technique is widely used in malware communication, data exfiltration, and command-and-control operations.
IP spoofing (Option A) is limited by ingress and egress filtering and is less effective against modern firewalls.
Open-source operating systems (Option B) do not inherently evade firewalls. Social engineering (Option D) targets users, not firewalls.
Therefore, Option C is the correct and CEH-aligned answer.
NEW QUESTION # 725
An organization authorizes a wireless penetration test to evaluate the resilience of its WPA2- protected network. The assigned ethical hacker prepares the wireless adapter for packet capture and begins monitoring traffic from a nearby access point.
To accelerate the assessment, the tester transmits crafted 802.11 frames that momentarily interrupt active client connections. Shortly afterward, new authentication exchanges are observed in the capture logs, providing the necessary material for subsequent analysis.
The activity described corresponds to which component of the Aircrack-ng suite?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The scenario describes injecting crafted 802.11 frames to disrupt client connections and force reauthentication, which is used to capture fresh handshake data for analysis. This behavior is characteristic of aireplay-ng, which is used for packet injection and deauthentication attacks in wireless assessments.
NEW QUESTION # 726
A skilled ethical hacker was assigned to perform a thorough OS discovery on a potential target.
They decided to adopt an advanced fingerprinting technique and sent a TCP packet to an open TCP port with specific flags enabled. Upon receiving the reply, they noticed the flags were SYN and ECN-Echo. Which test did the ethical hacker conduct and why was this specific approach adopted?
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 727
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