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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| High Availability & Redundancy | 15% | - FGCP/FGSP/vCluster deployment - Cross-data center redundancy - Session synchronization & failover |
| System Architecture & Design | 20% | - Security Fabric integration & scaling - FortiOS 7.6 architecture & components - VDOM design & multi-tenant deployment - Hardware sizing & resource planning |
| Centralized Management | 20% | - Policy packages & object templates - Configuration provisioning & version control - FortiAnalyzer logging & reporting - FortiManager 7.6 deployment & role assignment |
| Security Policy & Services | 10% | - Advanced firewall & security profile design - Identity-based policies - NAT & IP pool optimization |
| Advanced Routing & VPN | 25% | - Route redistribution & filtering - SD-WAN design & SLA management - OSPF, BGP, IS-IS configuration & optimization - IPsec VPN & ADVPN architecture |
| Monitoring & Troubleshooting | 10% | - Fabric synchronization issues - Connectivity & performance troubleshooting - Diagnostic tools & CLI analysis |
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NEW QUESTION # 94
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of diagnose sys session list.
If the HA ID for the primary device is 0, what happens if the primary fails and the secondary becomes the primary?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The decisive session-state flag is synced. Fortinet defines this flag as indicating that the session has been synchronized to the other HA members. The session was created on HA member 0, and a synchronized copy is available to the secondary device.
The FortiOS 7.6 Administrator Study Guide states: "When you enable session synchronization, the new primary can resume communication for sessions after a failover event." It further explains that session pickup allows existing sessions to continue through the newly elected primary with minimal or no interruption.
Therefore, the established TCP session remains usable, and the client does not need to establish a new connection.
The may_dirty flag does not mean that the session is currently dirty. It identifies an allowed session that can be marked dirty later if a firewall-policy, routing, or related configuration change requires re- evaluation. The output does not contain the separate dirty flag. Additionally, app_ntf represents block-notification handling; it does not prove that application control is inspecting the session. The fields app_list=0 and app=0 reinforce this.
The allow_err values are session statistics and do not cause session deletion. Although act=snat and act=dnat confirm NAT, the translation tuples are part of the synchronized session state and do not independently require re-evaluation after FGCP failover.
References: High Availability - Cluster Synchronization and HA Failover , pages 456 and 463; Fortinet: HA session failover ; Fortinet: Session-table information .
NEW QUESTION # 95
Refer to the exhibit.
Which Iwo statements about FortiGate behavior relating to this session are correct? (Choose two.)
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
The session output includes the flags:
state=redir local may_dirty ...
npu_state=00000000
offload=0/0
The 7.6 study guide explains these flags directly:
local = "Session is to/from local stack"
redir = "Session is being processed by an application layer proxy"
may_dirty = "Session is allowed by a firewall policy"
This makes C correct, because the local flag means the session either originates from FortiGate or terminates on FortiGate. The FortiOS administration guide states the same meaning: "Session is originated from or destined for local stack." This also makes A correct. The redir flag means the session is handled by an application-layer proxy. FortiOS documents explain that proxy-based inspection buffers traffic on the FortiGate and inspects it there, and that proxy-based processing is CPU and memory-intensive Since the session also shows no NPU offload (npu_state=00000000, offload=0/0), this traffic is being handled in software/CPU, not by the NPU.
Why the other options are wrong:
B is wrong because the redir flag proves the session is not passing without inspection; it is being processed by an application-layer proxy D is wrong because there is no authentication flag in this session. In Fortinet examples of captive portal
/authentication-related sessions, the session state includes auth or authed flags. The study guide shows: "Any session for traffic coming from an authenticated user contains the authed flag." This exhibit does not show auth or authed, so there is no basis to conclude the client was redirected to a captive portal for authentication.
NEW QUESTION # 96
Refer to the exhibit.
An IPsec VPN tunnel using IKEv2 was brought up successfully, but when the tunnel rekey takes place the tunnel goes down.
The debug command for IKE was enabled and, in the exhibit, you can review the partial output of the debug IKE while attempting to bring the tunnel up.
What is causing. The tunnel to be down?
Answer: D
Explanation:
To determine the cause of the failure, we must analyze the IKEv2 debug output provided in the exhibit (image_ad3dc6.jpg):
Identify the Negotiation Phase:
The debug log shows: responder received CREATE_CHILD exchange.
In IKEv2, the CREATE_CHILD_SA exchange is used to create new Child SAs (Phase 2) or to rekey existing ones.
The fact that the tunnel was previously " brought up successfully " implies the initial IKE SA (Phase 1) is stable, and this error is occurring specifically during a rekey event, which often involves Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS).
Analyze the Proposals (The Mismatch):
Incoming Proposal (Remote Peer):
The remote peer sends a proposal containing two Diffie-Hellman groups: type=DH_GROUP, val=MODP2048 (Group 14) and type=DH_GROUP, val=MODP1536 (Group 5).
My Proposal (Local FortiGate):
The local FortiGate configuration expects: type=DH_GROUP, val=MODP3072 (Group 15).
Result of the Negotiation:
The debug output concludes with: no proposal chosen and Negotiate SA Error.
This error occurs because the local FortiGate cannot find a common Diffie-Hellman group between what it requires (Group 15) and what the peer is offering (Groups 14 or 5).
While this is technically a mismatch occurring during the Phase 2 (Child SA) creation, " A Diffie-Hellman mismatch " (Option A) is the precise root cause identified in the logs.
Why other options are incorrect:
B: The log shows received create-child request, confirming that UDP traffic is reaching the device and is not blocked.
C: The failure is in the CREATE_CHILD exchange (Phase 2/Rekey), not the IKE_SA_INIT or IKE_AUTH (Phase 1) exchanges.
D: While the mismatch is occurring within the Phase 2 definitions, Option A is the specific technical reason for the no proposal chosen error shown in the DH_GROUP lines.
Reference:
FortiGate Security 7.6 Study Guide (IPsec VPN): " Phase 2 parameters... if Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) is enabled, a Diffie-Hellman exchange is performed again. Both peers must match the DH Group. "
NEW QUESTION # 97
Which two statements about application-layer test commands are true? (Choose two answers)
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
The correct answers are A and D.
The study guide states:
"Application layer test commands do not display information in real time. They display statistics and configuration information about a feature or process. You can also use some of these commands to restart a process or execute a change in its operation." This directly proves:
A is correct because they can display statistics and configuration information D is correct because some of them can restart a process/application Why the other options are wrong:
B is wrong because the study guide explicitly says application-layer test commands do not display information in real time. Real-time output is done with diagnose debug application ... commands instead.
C is wrong because diagnose debug console enable is related to debug output behavior, not a requirement for application-layer test commands to display output. The study guide does not describe test commands that way.
====
NEW QUESTION # 98
What can cause an IKEv2 tunnel to go down after it was initially brought up successfully?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is A .
The study guide explains the IKEv2 exchange order very clearly:
* "The initial exchanges are: IKE_SA_INIT and IKE_AUTH."
* "Create_Child_SA exchange: Creates a new child SA or rekeys an existing child SA." It also states:
* "After successful IKE_SA_INIT and IKE_AUTH exchanges, the CHILD_SA exchange takes place. In this exchange, the peers negotiate the CHILD_SA and the traffic selectors - traffic selector responder (TSr) and traffic selector initiator (TSi)." That is why A is correct: if the tunnel was initially brought up successfully , then the initial exchanges already succeeded. A later problem during CREATE_CHILD_SA , especially with traffic selectors/phase 2 selectors , can cause the tunnel to fail during rekey or child-SA renegotiation.
Why the other options are wrong:
* B is wrong because proposal mismatch for the IKE SA is handled during IKE_SA_INIT , not after the tunnel is already up. The study guide says IKE_SA_INIT negotiates the security settings to protect the IKE traffic
* C is wrong because a pre-shared key mismatch is part of authentication and would prevent successful initial establishment during IKE_AUTH . The study guide shows that after IKE_AUTH,
"authentication succeeded" and "established IKE SA" when it works
* D is wrong because a Diffie-Hellman mismatch belongs to IKE_SA_INIT , which happens before the tunnel comes up. The study guide also states: "By IKEv2 design, no Diffie-Hellman public key is exchanged during an IKE_AUTH exchange." So the verified answer is: A .
NEW QUESTION # 99
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