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NEW QUESTION # 129
Richard Branson works as a senior cloud security engineer in a multinational company. Owing to the cost-effective security features and services provided by cloud computing, his organization uses cloud-based services. Richard deliberately wants to cause problems in an application/software system deployed in the production environment as a part of the testing strategy and analyze how the application/software system deals with the disruption, detects vulnerabilities, and fixes them. Which of the following refers to the process of experimenting on a software system that is deployed in production to check the system's capability to withstand sudden and unexpected conditions?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Chaos Engineering is the discipline of experimenting on a software system in production to build confidence in the system's capability to withstand turbulent and unexpected conditions. Here's how it applies to Richard Branson's scenario:
Intentional Disruption: Chaos Engineering involves deliberately introducing problems into the system to test its resilience.
Observation: Observing how the system responds to these disruptions helps identify weaknesses and areas for improvement.
Vulnerability Detection: By causing controlled chaos, the engineering team can detect vulnerabilities that might not be apparent during standard testing procedures.
Resilience Building: The ultimate goal is to improve the system's resilience by fixing the vulnerabilities and ensuring it can handle unexpected issues.
Continuous Improvement: It is an ongoing process that helps teams prepare for the worst-case scenarios and improve the overall stability and reliability of the system.
Reference:
Principles of Chaos Engineering, which outline the practices and benefits of this approach.
Case studies demonstrating how Chaos Engineering has helped organizations improve their systems' resilience.
NEW QUESTION # 130
Chris Noth has recently joined CloudAppSec Private Ltd. as a cloud security engineer. Owing to several instances of malicious activities performed by former employees on his organization's applications and data that reside in an on-premises environment, in 2010, his organization adopted cloud computing and migrated all applications and data to the cloud. Chris would like to manage user identities in cloud-based services and applications. Moreover, he wants to reduce the risk caused by the accounts of former users (employees) by ensuring that the users who leave the system can no longer log in to the system. Therefore, he has enforced an IAM standard that can automate the provisioning and de-provisioning of users when they enter and leave the system. Which of the following IAM standards is implemented by Chris Noth?
Answer: D
Explanation:
SCIM (System for Cross-domain Identity Management) is an open standard designed to automate the provisioning and de-provisioning of user identities across various systems. By implementing SCIM, Chris Noth can manage user identities effectively in cloud-based services and applications, ensuring that users who leave the organization can no longer log in. This standard helps streamline identity management processes and enhances security by reducing the risk associated with former employees retaining access to the system.
NEW QUESTION # 131
Kevin Ryan has been working as a cloud security engineer over the past 2 years in a multinational company, which uses AWS-based cloud services. He launched an EC2 instance with Amazon Linux AMI. By disabling password-based remote logins, Kevin wants to eliminate all possible loopholes through which an attacker can exploit a user account remotely. To disable password-based remote logins, using the text editor, Kevin opened the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file and found the #PermitRootLogin yes line. Which of the following command lines should Kevin use to change the #PermitRootLogin yes line to disable password-based remote logins?
Answer: D
Explanation:
To disable password-based remote logins for the root account on an EC2 instance running Amazon Linux AMI, Kevin should modify the SSH configuration as follows:
Open SSH Configuration: Using a text editor, open the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file.
Find PermitRootLogin Directive: Locate the line #PermitRootLogin yes. The # indicates that the line is commented out.
Modify the Directive: Change the line to PermitRootLogin without-password. This setting allows root login using authentication methods other than passwords, such as SSH keys, while disabling password-based root logins.
Save and Close: Save the changes to the sshd_config file and exit the text editor.
Restart SSH Service: To apply the changes, restart the SSH service by running sudo service sshd restart or sudo systemctl restart sshd, depending on the system's init system.
Reference:
The PermitRootLogin without-password directive in the SSH configuration file is used to enhance security by preventing password-based authentication for the root user, which is a common target for brute force attacks. Instead, it requires more secure methods like SSH key pairs for authentication. This change is part of best practices for securing SSH access to Linux servers.
NEW QUESTION # 132
Karen Gillan has recently joined an IT company as a cloud security engineer. Her organization would like to adopt cloud-based services to provide 24 x 7 customer support to its clients. It wants to transfer its customer database and transaction details along with the applications used for managing and supporting its customers.
Before migrating to cloud, which of the following analyses should be performed by Karen on the security capabilities and services provided by cloud service providers to understand the security requirements of the organization and those provided by the cloud service provider?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Before migrating to cloud services, Karen Gillan should perform a Gap Analysis to understand the security requirements of her organization and compare them with the security capabilities and services provided by cloud service providers.
* Gap Analysis Purpose: A Gap Analysis is used to compare the current state of an organization's security posture against a desired future state or standard. This analysis helps identify the gaps in security that need to be addressed before moving to the cloud1.
* Conducting Gap Analysis:
* Assess Current Security Posture: Karen should evaluate the existing security measures, including data security practices, access controls, and incident response plans.
* Identify Security Requirements: Determine the security requirements for the customer database and transaction details, as well as the applications used for managing and supporting customers.
* Compare with Cloud Provider's Offerings: Review the security capabilities and services
* offered by the cloud service providers to see if they meet the organization's security requirements.
* Identify Gaps: Highlight any discrepancies between the organization's security needs and the cloud provider's offerings.
* Outcome of Gap Analysis: The outcome will be a clear understanding of what security measures are in place, what is lacking, and what the cloud provider can offer. This will guide Karen in making informed decisions about additional security controls or changes needed for a secure cloud migration.
References:
* Best practices to ensure data security during cloud migration2.
* Challenges and best practices for cloud migration security3.
* Security in the cloud: Best practices for safe migration4.
NEW QUESTION # 133
Michael Keaton has been working as a cloud security specialist in a multinational company. His organization uses Google Cloud. Keaton has launched an application in nl-standard-1 (1 vCPU, 3.75 GB memory) instance.
Over the past three weeks, the instance has had low memory utilization. Which of the following machine type switching is recommended for Keaton?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Given that Michael Keaton's nl-standard-1 instance has had low memory utilization, the recommended machine type switching would be to a machine type that is more cost-effective while still meeting the application's requirements.
Assessing Current Utilization: Keaton's current machine type, nl-standard-1, has 1 vCPU and 3.75 GB memory. The low memory utilization suggests that the application does not require the full 3.75 GB of memory provided by this machine type.
Choosing the Right Machine Type: Among the options provided:
Option A, g1-small, offers 1 vCPU and 1.7 GB memory, which is a step down in memory but still provides a sufficient amount of memory for the application given its low memory usage.
Option B, n1-standard-2, increases both the vCPU and memory, which is not necessary given the low utilization.
Option C, f1-micro, offers a very minimal amount of memory (614 MB), which might be too low for the application's needs.
Option D, n1-standard-1, maintains the same memory as the current machine type and therefore does not optimize for the low memory utilization.
Recommendation: Based on the low memory utilization and the need to optimize costs, the g1-small machine type (Option A) is recommended. It provides enough memory for the application's needs while reducing costs associated with unused resources.
Reference:
Google Cloud Documentation: Understanding machine types1.
Google Cloud Documentation: Machine type recommendations2.
Google Cloud Documentation: Memory-optimized machine family3.
NEW QUESTION # 134
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