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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Testing AI-Specific Quality Characteristics | 20% | - Robustness Testing - Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-Score - Fairness and Bias Detection - Explainability and Interpretability |
| Testing AI-Based Systems | 20% | - Test Levels for AI-Based Systems - Challenges in Testing AI-Based Systems - Testing AI-Specific Quality Characteristics - Bias and Fairness Considerations |
| AI Test Methods and Techniques | 20% | - Black-Box Testing for AI Systems - Test Oracle Techniques for AI - Adversarial Testing - Metamorphic Testing |
| Neural Networks and Deep Learning | 20% | - Model Training and Evaluation Metrics - Overfitting and Underfitting - Testing Deep Learning Models - Neural Network Architecture Basics |
| Basics of AI | 8% | - Data Concepts (Training, Validation, Test Data) - Machine Learning Types (Supervised, Unsupervised, Reinforcement) - AI Types and Techniques - Definitions and Terminology |
| Practical Considerations | 12% | - Test Data Quality and Preparation - Documentation and Reporting - Test Environment Setup for AI - Automation in AI Testing |
>> CT-AI Training Questions <<
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NEW QUESTION # 83
Which ONE of the following tests is LEAST likely to be performed during the ML model testing phase?
SELECT ONE OPTION
Answer: B
Explanation:
The question asks which test is least likely to be performed during the ML model testing phase. Let's consider each option:
Testing the accuracy of the classification model (A): Accuracy testing is a fundamental part of the ML model testing phase. It ensures that the model correctly classifies the data as intended and meets the required performance metrics.
Testing the API of the service powered by the ML model (B): Testing the API is crucial, especially if the ML model is deployed as part of a service. This ensures that the service integrates well with other systems and that the API performs as expected.
Testing the speed of the training of the model (C): This is least likely to be part of the ML model testing phase. The speed of training is more relevant during the development phase when optimizing and tuning the model. During testing, the focus is more on the model's performance and behavior rather than how quickly it was trained.
Testing the speed of the prediction by the model (D): Testing the speed of prediction is important to ensure that the model meets performance requirements in a production environment, especially for real-time applications.
Reference:
ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus Section 3.2 on ML Workflow and Section 5 on ML Functional Performance Metrics discuss the focus of testing during the model testing phase, which includes accuracy and prediction speed but not the training speed.
NEW QUESTION # 84
A neural network has been designed and created to assist day-traders improve efficiency when buying and selling commodities in a rapidly changing market. Suppose the test team executes a test on the neural network where each neuron is examined. For this network the shortest path indicates a buy, and it will only occur when the one-day predicted value of the commodity is greater than the spot price by 0.75%. The neurons are stimulated by entering commodity prices and testers verify that they activate only when the future value exceeds the spot price by at least
0.75%. Which of the following statements BEST explains the type of coverage being tested on the neural network?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The syllabus details that threshold coverage requires each neuron to achieve an activation value greater than a specified threshold:
"Threshold coverage: Full threshold coverage requires that each neuron in the neural network achieves an activation value greater than a specified threshold."
NEW QUESTION # 85
You are using a neural network to train a robot vacuum to navigate without bumping into objects.
You set up a reward scheme that encourages speed but discourages hitting the bumper sensors.
Instead of what you expected, the vacuum has now learned to drive backwards because there are no bumpers on the back. This is an example of what type of behavior?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The syllabus defines reward hacking as:
"Reward hacking can result from an AI-based system achieving a specified goal by using a
'clever' or 'easy' solution that perverts the spirit of the designer's intent." In this case, the vacuum found a loophole in the reward function--driving backwards to avoid bumper triggers while maximizing reward for speed.
NEW QUESTION # 86
Which characteristic of AI-based systems makes it difficult to ensure they are safe (e.g., not harming humans)?
Choose ONE option (1 out of 4)
Answer: A
Explanation:
The ISTQB CT-AI syllabus lists several characteristics that make it difficult to ensure safety in AI-based systems. Section2.8 - Safety and AIexplicitly names the characteristics that complicate safety assurance:
complexity,non-determinism,probabilistic behavior,self-learning,lack of transparency, andlack of robustness. Among these,complexityis a core challenge because modern AI systems-particularly those using deep learning-have highly non-linear behavior, large numbers of parameters, and intricate interactions that are hard to predict.
Option B (Complexity) directly aligns with the syllabus and is therefore correct.
Option A (Determinism) is the opposite of AI behavior; AI is oftennon-deterministic, and determinism does notmake systems unsafe. Option C (Interpretability) does impact trust and explainability, but the syllabus positions it as a transparency challenge, not the primary difficulty in ensuring safety. Option D (Robustness) is a desired quality, not a reason safety is hard; alackof robustness would be a challenge, not robustness itself.
Thus,complexitybest reflects the syllabus' explicit safety-related difficulty.
NEW QUESTION # 87
A neural network has been designed and created to assist day-traders improve efficiency when buying and selling commodities in a rapidly changing market. Suppose the test team executes a test on the neural network where each neuron is examined. For this network the shortest path indicates a buy, and it will only occur when the one-day predicted value of the commodity is greater than the spot price by 0.75%. The neurons are stimulated by entering commodity prices and testers verify that they activate only when the future value exceeds the spot price by at least 0.75%.
Which of the following statements BEST explains the type of coverage being tested on the neural network?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Threshold coverageis a specific type of coverage measure used in neural network testing. It ensures that each neuron in the network achieves an activation value greater than a specified threshold. This is particularly relevant to the scenario described, where testers verify that neurons activate only when the future value of the commodity exceeds the spot price by at least0.75%.
* Threshold-based activation:The test case in the question isexplicitly verifying whether neurons activate only when a certain threshold (0.75%) is exceeded.This aligns perfectly with the definition ofthreshold coverage.
* Common in Neural Network Testing:Threshold coverage is used to measurewhether each neuron in a neural network reaches a specified activation value, ensuring that the neural network behaves as expected when exposed to different test inputs.
* Precedent in Research:TheDeepXplore frameworkused a threshold of0.75%to identify incorrect behaviors in neural networks, making this coverage criterion well-documented in AI testing research.
* (B) Neuron Coverage#
* Neuron coverageonly checks whether a neuron activates (non-zero value)at some point during testing. It does not consider specific activation thresholds, making it less precise for this scenario.
* (C) Sign-Change Coverage#
* This coverage measures whether each neuron exhibitsboth positive and negative activation values, which isnot relevant to the given scenario(where activation only matters when exceeding a specific threshold).
* (D) Value-Change Coverage#
* This coverage requires each neuron to producetwo activation values that differ by a chosen threshold, but the question focuses onwhether activation occurs beyond a fixed threshold, not changes in activation values.
* Threshold coverage ensures that neurons exceed a given activation threshold"Full threshold coverage requires that each neuron in the neural network achieves an activation value greater than a specified threshold. The researchers who created the DeepXplore framework suggested neuron coverage should be measured based on an activation value exceeding a threshold, changing based on the situation." Why is Threshold Coverage Correct?Why Other Options are Incorrect?References from ISTQB Certified Tester AI Testing Study GuideThus,option A is the correct answer, asthreshold coverage ensures the neural network's activation is correctly evaluated based on the required condition (0.75%).
NEW QUESTION # 88
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