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Google Professional-Machine-Learning-Engineer Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionObjectives
Topic 1: ML pipeline automation and orchestration- Pipeline design
  • 1. Use Vertex AI Pipelines
    • 2. Build end-to-end ML pipelines
      Topic 2: Data preparation and processing- Data ingestion and pipelines
      • 1. Use BigQuery and data processing services
        • 2. Build data pipelines for training and serving
          - Feature engineering
          • 1. Transform and preprocess datasets
            • 2. Feature selection and representation techniques
              Topic 3: Designing ML solutions- Framing ML problems
              • 1. Translate business problems into ML tasks
                • 2. Define success metrics and evaluation criteria
                  - ML architecture design
                  • 1. Select appropriate ML models and approaches
                    • 2. Design scalable ML systems on GCP
                      Topic 4: Deployment and operations- Monitoring and maintenance
                      • 1. Retraining and lifecycle management
                        • 2. Monitor model drift and performance
                          - Model deployment
                          • 1. Batch and online prediction systems
                            • 2. Deploy models using Vertex AI endpoints
                              Topic 5: ML model development- Model training and tuning
                              • 1. Train models using TensorFlow / Vertex AI
                                • 2. Hyperparameter tuning and optimization
                                  - Evaluation
                                  • 1. Evaluate model performance metrics
                                    • 2. Model validation strategies

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                                      Google Professional Machine Learning Engineer Sample Questions (Q379-Q384):

                                      NEW QUESTION # 379
                                      You need to develop a custom TensorFlow model that will be used for online predictions. The training data is stored in BigQuery You need to apply instance-level data transformations to the data for model training and serving. You want to use the same preprocessing routine during model training and serving. How should you configure the preprocessing routine?

                                      Answer: C


                                      NEW QUESTION # 380
                                      You are developing a process for training and running your custom model in production. You need to be able to show lineage for your model and predictions. What should you do?

                                      Answer: A

                                      Explanation:
                                      According to the official exam guide1, one of the skills assessed in the exam is to "track the lineage of pipeline artifacts". Vertex AI Experiments2 is a service that allows you to track and compare the results of your model training runs. Vertex AI Experiments automatically logs metadata such as hyperparameters, metrics, and artifacts for each training run. You can use Vertex AI Experiments to train your custom model using TensorFlow, PyTorch, XGBoost, or scikit-learn. Vertex AI Model Registry3 is a service that allows you to manage your trained models in a central location. You can use Vertex AI Model Registry to register your model, add labels and descriptions, and view the model's lineage graph. The lineage graph shows the artifacts and executions that are part of the model's creation, such as the dataset, the training pipeline, and the evaluation metrics. The other options are not relevant or optimal for this scenario. References:
                                      * Professional ML Engineer Exam Guide
                                      * Vertex AI Experiments
                                      * Vertex AI Model Registry
                                      * Google Professional Machine Learning Certification Exam 2023
                                      * Latest Google Professional Machine Learning Engineer Actual Free Exam Questions


                                      NEW QUESTION # 381
                                      You want to train an AutoML model to predict house prices by using a small public dataset stored in BigQuery. You need to prepare the data and want to use the simplest most efficient approach. What should you do?

                                      Answer: D

                                      Explanation:
                                      The simplest and most efficient approach for preparing the data for AutoML is to use BigQuery and Vertex AI. BigQuery is a serverless, scalable, and cost-effective data warehouse that can perform fast and interactive queries on large datasets. BigQuery can preprocess the data by using SQL functions such as filtering, aggregating, joining, transforming, and creating new features. The preprocessed data can be stored in a new table in BigQuery, which can be used as the data source for Vertex AI. Vertex AI is a unified platform for building and deploying machine learning solutions on Google Cloud. Vertex AI can create a managed dataset from a BigQuery table, which can be used to train an AutoML model. Vertex AI can also evaluate, deploy, and monitor the AutoML model, and provide online or batch predictions. By using BigQuery and Vertex AI, users can leverage the power and simplicity of Google Cloud to train an AutoML model to predict house prices.
                                      The other options are not as simple or efficient as option A, for the following reasons:
                                      * Option B: Using Dataflow to preprocess the data and write the output in TFRecord format to a Cloud Storage bucket would require more steps and resources than using BigQuery and Vertex AI. Dataflow is a service that can create scalable and reliable pipelines to process large volumes of data from various sources. Dataflow can preprocess the data by using Apache Beam, a programming model for defining and executing data processing workflows. TFRecord is a binary file format that can store sequential data efficiently. However, using Dataflow and TFRecord would require writing code, setting up a pipeline, choosing a runner, and managing the output files. Moreover, TFRecord is not a supported format for Vertex AI managed datasets, so the data would need to be converted to CSV or JSONL files before creating a Vertex AI managed dataset.
                                      * Option C: Writing a query that preprocesses the data by using BigQuery and exporting the query results as CSV files would require more steps and storage than using BigQuery and Vertex AI. CSV is a text file format that can store tabular data in a comma-separated format. Exporting the query results as CSV files would require choosing a destination Cloud Storage bucket, specifying a file name or a wildcard, and setting the export options. Moreover, CSV files can have limitations such as size, schema, and encoding, which can affect the quality and validity of the data. Exporting the data as CSV files would also incur additional storage costs and reduce the performance of the queries.
                                      * Option D: Using a Vertex AI Workbench notebook instance to preprocess the data by using the pandas library and exporting the data as CSV files would require more steps and skills than using BigQuery and Vertex AI. Vertex AI Workbench is a service that provides an integrated development environment for data science and machine learning. Vertex AI Workbench allows users to create and run Jupyter notebooks on Google Cloud, and access various tools and libraries for data analysis and machine learning. Pandas is a popular Python library that can manipulate and analyze data in a tabular format.
                                      However, using Vertex AI Workbench and pandas would require creating a notebook instance, writing Python code, installing and importing pandas, connecting to BigQuery, loading and preprocessing the data, and exporting the data as CSV files. Moreover, pandas can have limitations such as memory usage, scalability, and compatibility, which can affect the efficiency and reliability of the data processing.
                                      References:
                                      Preparing for Google Cloud Certification: Machine Learning Engineer , Course 2: Data Engineering for ML on Google Cloud, Week 1: Introduction to Data Engineering for ML Google Cloud Professional Machine Learning Engineer Exam Guide , Section 1: Architecting low-code ML solutions, 1.3 Training models by using AutoML Official Google Cloud Certified Professional Machine Learning Engineer Study Guide, Chapter 4: Low-code ML Solutions, Section 4.3: AutoML BigQuery Vertex AI Dataflow TFRecord CSV Vertex AI Workbench Pandas


                                      NEW QUESTION # 382
                                      You are developing a model to identify traffic signs in images extracted from videos taken from the dashboard of a vehicle. You have a dataset of 100 000 images that were cropped to show one out of ten different traffic signs. The images have been labeled accordingly for model training and are stored in a Cloud Storage bucket You need to be able to tune the model during each training run. How should you train the model?

                                      Answer: D

                                      Explanation:
                                      Image classification is a task where the model assigns a label to an image based on its content, such as "stop sign" or "speed limit"1. Object detection is a task where the model locates and identifies multiple objects in an image, and draws bounding boxes around them2. Since your dataset consists of images that were cropped to show one out of ten different traffic signs, you are dealing with an image classification problem, not an object detection problem. Therefore, you need to train a model for image classification, not object detection.
                                      Vertex AI AutoML is a service that allows you to train and deploy high-quality ML models with minimal effort and machine learning expertise3. You can use Vertex AI AutoML to train a model for image classification by uploading your images and labels to a Vertex AI dataset, and then launching an AutoML training job4. However, Vertex AI AutoML does not allow you to tune the model during each training run, as it automatically selects the best model architecture and hyperparameters for your data4.
                                      Vertex AI custom training is a service that allows you to train and deploy your own custom ML models using your own code and frameworks5. You can use Vertex AI custom training to train a model for image classification by writing your own model training code, such as using TensorFlow or PyTorch, and then creating and running a custom training job. Vertex AI custom training allows you to tune the model during each training run, as you can specify the model architecture and hyperparameters in your code, and use Vertex AI Hyperparameter Tuning to optimize them .
                                      Therefore, the best option for your scenario is to develop the model training code for image classification and train a model by using Vertex AI custom training.
                                      References:
                                      * Image classification | TensorFlow Core
                                      * Object detection | TensorFlow Core
                                      * Introduction to Vertex AI AutoML | Google Cloud
                                      * AutoML Vision | Google Cloud
                                      * Introduction to Vertex AI custom training | Google Cloud
                                      * [Custom training with TensorFlow | Vertex AI | Google Cloud]
                                      * [Hyperparameter tuning overview | Vertex AI | Google Cloud]


                                      NEW QUESTION # 383
                                      You are developing an ML model that uses sliced frames from video feed and creates bounding boxes around specific objects. You want to automate the following steps in your training pipeline: ingestion and preprocessing of data in Cloud Storage, followed by training and hyperparameter tuning of the object model using Vertex AI jobs, and finally deploying the model to an endpoint. You want to orchestrate the entire pipeline with minimal cluster management. What approach should you use?

                                      Answer: C

                                      Explanation:
                                      * Option A is incorrect because using Kubeflow Pipelines on Google Kubernetes Engine is not the most convenient way to orchestrate the entire pipeline with minimal cluster management. Kubeflow Pipelines is an open-source platform that allows you to build, run, and manage ML pipelines using containers1. Google Kubernetes Engine is a service that allows you to create and manage clusters of virtual machines that run Kubernetes, an open-source system for orchestrating containerized applications2. However, this option requires more effort and resources than option B, as it involves creating and configuring the clusters, installing and maintaining Kubeflow Pipelines, and writing and running the pipeline code.
                                      * Option B is correct because using Vertex AI Pipelines with TensorFlow Extended (TFX) SDK is the best way to orchestrate the entire pipeline with minimal cluster management. Vertex AI Pipelines is a service that allows you to create and run scalable and portable ML pipelines on Google Cloud3. TensorFlow Extended (TFX) is a framework that provides a set of components and libraries for building production-ready ML pipelines using TensorFlow4. You can use Vertex AI Pipelines with TFX SDK to ingest and preprocess the data in Cloud Storage, train and tune the object model using Vertex AI jobs, and deploy the model to an endpoint, using predefined or custom components. Vertex AI Pipelines handles the underlying infrastructure and orchestration for you, so you don't need to worry about cluster management or scalability.
                                      * Option C is incorrect because using Vertex AI Pipelines with Kubeflow Pipelines SDK is not the most suitable way to orchestrate the entire pipeline with minimal cluster management. Kubeflow Pipelines SDK is a library that allows you to build and run ML pipelines using Kubeflow Pipelines5. You can use Vertex AI Pipelines with Kubeflow Pipelines SDK to create and run ML pipelines on Google Cloud, using containers. However, this option is less convenient and consistent than option B, as it requires you to use different APIs and tools for different steps of the pipeline, such as Vertex AI SDK for training and deployment, and Kubeflow Pipelines SDK for ingestion and preprocessing. Moreover, this option does not leverage the benefits of TFX, such as the standard components, the metadata store, or the ML Metadata library.
                                      * Option D is incorrect because using Cloud Composer for the orchestration is not the most efficient way to orchestrate the entire pipeline with minimal cluster management. Cloud Composer is a service that allows you to create and run workflows using Apache Airflow, an open-source platform for orchestrating complex tasks. You can use Cloud Composer to orchestrate the entire pipeline, by creating
                                      * and managing DAGs (directed acyclic graphs) that define the dependencies and order of the tasks.
                                      However, this option is more complex and costly than option B, as it involves creating and configuring the environments, installing and maintaining Airflow, and writing and running the DAGs.
                                      References:
                                      * Kubeflow Pipelines documentation
                                      * Google Kubernetes Engine documentation
                                      * Vertex AI Pipelines documentation
                                      * TensorFlow Extended documentation
                                      * Kubeflow Pipelines SDK documentation
                                      * [Cloud Composer documentation]
                                      * [Vertex AI documentation]
                                      * [Cloud Storage documentation]
                                      * [TensorFlow documentation]


                                      NEW QUESTION # 384
                                      ......

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