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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Conducting an Audit | - Audit execution
|
| Planning and Initiating an Audit | - Audit program and planning activities
|
| Information Security Management System (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001 | - ISO/IEC 27001 requirements (Clauses 4–10)
|
| Closing the Audit | - Audit reporting and follow-up
|
| Fundamentals of Information Security Auditing | - Audit principles based on ISO 19011
|
>> ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor-CN Exam Introduction <<
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NEW QUESTION # 243
下列哪兩項是「不」涉及人為幹預的審計方法範例？
* 使用遠距會議平台進行面試
Answer: C,E
Explanation:
Audit methods are the techniques and procedures that auditors use to collect and evaluate audit evidence.
Audit methods can be classified into two categories: those that involve human interaction and those that do not. Human interaction methods are those that require direct or indirect communication with the auditee or other relevant parties, such as interviews, questionnaires, surveys, observations, or walkthroughs. Non-human interaction methods are those that do not require any communication with the auditee or other parties, such as document reviews, data analysis, or remote surveillance.
Some examples of audit methods that do not involve human interaction are:
* Performing a review of auditee's procedures in preparation for an audit: This method involves examining the auditee's documented information, such as policies, processes, records, or reports, to verify their adequacy and effectiveness in meeting the audit criteria. The auditor does not need to interact with the auditee or anyone else to perform this method.
* Analysing data by remotely accessing the auditee's server: This method involves accessing and processing the auditee's data, such as performance indicators, logs, metrics, or statistics, to verify their accuracy and reliability in meeting the audit criteria. The auditor does not need to interact with the auditee or anyone else to perform this method.
References:
ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor (Information Security Management Systems) objectives and content from Quality.org and PECB ISO 19011:2018 Guidelines for auditing management systems [Section 6.2.2]
NEW QUESTION # 244
情境5
CyberShielding Systems Inc. 提供涵蓋整個資訊技術基礎設施的安全服務。該公司提供網路安全軟體，包括終端安全、防火牆和防毒軟體。二十年來，CyberShielding Systems Inc. 透過先進的產品和服務，幫助眾多企業保障網路安全。憑藉在資訊和網路安全領域的卓越聲譽，CyberShielding Systems Inc. 決定實施基於 ISO/IEC 27001 的安全資訊管理系統 (ISMS) 並獲得認證，以更好地保護其內部和客戶資產，並獲得競爭優勢。
認證機構啟動了這個流程，首先選定了 CyberShielding Systems Inc. 的 ISO 審核團隊。
/IEC 27001認證。他們向該公司提供了每位審核員的姓名和背景資訊。然而，經審查，CyberShielding Systems Inc.發現其中一位審核員不具備其要求的安全許可。因此，該公司對該審核員的任命提出異議。經審查，認證機構應CyberShielding Systems Inc.的異議更換了該審核員。
作為審計流程的一部分，CyberShielding Systems Inc. 的風險與機會識別方法被單獨評估。這包括審查該公司識別和管理風險與機會的方法。審計團隊的核心目標包括確保 CyberShielding Systems Inc. 的風險與機會識別機制的有效性，並審查該公司應對已識別風險與機會的策略。在此過程中，審計團隊還發現防火牆配置審查流程存在監管不力的風險，即未經適當批准就實施了變更，這可能使公司面臨安全漏洞。這項發現凸顯了加強內部控制以防止此類問題發生的必要性。
審計團隊查閱了流程描述和組織結構圖，以了解主要業務流程和控制措施。由於第三方服務提供者的限制，他們對IT基礎設施和應用程式的存取權限有限，因此對IT風險和控制措施的分析也較為有限。然而，審計團隊指出，由於CyberShielding公司的大部分流程都已實現自動化，其資訊安全管理系統(ISMS)出現重大缺陷的風險較低。因此，他們透過詢問CyberShielding公司的代表有關IT職責、控制有效性和反惡意軟體措施等方面的問題，評估了該ISMS整體上是否符合標準要求。 CyberShielding公司的代表提供了充分且適當的證據來回答所有這些問題。
儘管在審計之前簽署了協議，其中概述了審計範圍、標準和目標，但審計主要集中在評估是否符合既定標準以及確保遵守法律法規要求。
問題
審計團隊對 CyberShielding Systems Inc. 的風險和機會評估是否符合既定的審計規範？請參閱情境 5。
Answer: A
Explanation:
The audit team's approach to assessing risk and opportunity determination as a standalone activity is in line with established auditing norms, making option A the correct answer. ISO/IEC 27001:2022 requires organizations to identify risks and opportunities related to the ISMS and to plan actions to address them. From an audit perspective, ISO 19011 allows auditors to structure audit activities in a way that ensures effective coverage of critical requirements.
Assessing risk and opportunity determination independently does not violate auditing principles, provided it remains connected to the overall management system context. In practice, auditors often examine risk management as a distinct audit trail because it is a foundational element that influences many other ISMS processes, including control selection, operational planning, and continual improvement. Conducting a focused assessment enables auditors to evaluate whether risks are identified systematically, whether opportunities are considered, and whether treatment plans are appropriate and effective.
Option C is incorrect because although risk and opportunity management should be embedded throughout the ISMS, auditing it as a standalone activity does not contradict this principle. It is an audit structuring decision rather than a management system design issue. Option B is incorrect because auditors do not require explicit auditee requests to structure audit activities independently; they are responsible for designing the audit approach.
Therefore, the audit team's standalone assessment of risk and opportunity determination aligns with recommended auditing practices.
NEW QUESTION # 245
場景 2：
Clinic 成立於 20 世紀 90 年代，是一家專門治療心臟相關疾病和複雜外科手術的醫療器材公司。該公司總部位於歐洲，為患者和醫療保健專業人士提供服務。診所收集患者數據以客製化治療方案、監測結果並改善設備功能。為了增強資料安全性和建立信任，Clinic 正在實施基於 ISO/IEC 27001 的資訊安全管理系統 (ISMS)。
診所僅透過考慮內部問題、介面、內部和外包活動之間的依賴關係以及相關方的期望來確定其 ISMS 的範圍。此範圍已仔細記錄並可供查閱。在定義其 ISMS 時，Clinic 選擇專注於關鍵部門內的關鍵流程，例如研發、病患資料管理和客戶支援。
儘管最初面臨挑戰，Clinic 仍然致力於實施 ISMS，並根據其獨特需求量身定制安全控制。專案團隊從 ISO/IEC 27001 中排除了某些附件 A 控制，同時加入了額外的特定產業控制以增強安全性。該團隊根據內部和外部因素評估了這些控制的適用性，最終制定了全面的適用性聲明 (SoA)，詳細說明了控制選擇和實施背後的理由。
隨著認證準備工作的進展，被任命為團隊負責人的 Brian 採用了自我導向的風險評估方法來識別和評估公司的策略問題和安全實踐。這種積極主動的方法確保診所的風險評估與其目標和使命保持一致。
根據情境 2，Brian 選擇哪一種方法來進行風險評估？
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
A . OCTAVE (Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability Evaluation) - Correct Answer. OCTAVE is a self-directed risk assessment methodology where organizations identify, evaluate, and manage information security risks based on their strategic objectives, aligning with Brian's approach.
B . MEHARI is a quantitative risk analysis method, not self-directed.
C . EBIOS is focused on regulatory compliance and external risk factors, which Brian's methodology did not emphasize.
Thus, Brian's approach aligns best with OCTAVE, as it is self-directed and focuses on organizational security practices.
NEW QUESTION # 246
審核員使用抽樣來確保記錄資訊安全事件的事件日誌得到維護和定期審查。抽樣基於審計目標，而樣本選擇過程基於機率論。使用什麼類型的抽樣？
Answer: B
Explanation:
The use of probability theory in the sample selection process indicates that "statistical sampling" was used. Statistical sampling allows auditors to make inferences about the population based on the properties of the sample, relying on the principles of probability to select representative elements.
NEW QUESTION # 247
情境 6：Sinvestment 是一家提供家庭保險、商業保險和人壽保險的保險公司。該公司成立於北卡羅來納州，但最近在其他地區進行了擴張，包括歐洲和非洲。
Sinvestment 致力於遵守適用於其行業的法律法規，並防止任何資訊安全事件。他們實施了基於 ISO/IEC 27001 的 ISMS 並申請了 ISO/IEC 27001 認證。
認證機構指派兩名審核員進行審核。與Sinvestment簽訂保密協議後。他們開始了審計活動。首先，他們審查了標準要求的文件，包括 ISMS 範圍聲明、資訊安全政策和內部稽核報告。審查過程並不容易，因為儘管 Sinvestment 表示他們已製定文件程序，但並非所有文件都具有相同的格式。
隨後，審計小組對Sinvestment的高階主管進行了多次訪談，以了解他們在ISMS實施中的作用。第一階段審計的所有活動都是遠端進行的，除了根據 Sinvestment 的要求在現場進行的文件資訊審查之外。
在此階段，審計人員發現沒有與資訊安全培訓和意識計劃相關的文件。被問及時，Sinvestment代表表示，公司已為所有員工提供資訊安全培訓課程。第一階段審計讓審計團隊對 Sinvestment 的營運和 ISMS 有了整體了解。
第二階段審核在第一階段審核三週後進行。審計小組觀察到，行銷部門（未包含在審計範圍內）沒有適當的程序來控制員工的存取權限。由於控制員工的存取權限是ISO/IEC 27001的要求之一，並且已包含在公司的資訊安全政策中，因此該問題包含在審計報告中。此外，在第二階段審計中，審計小組觀察到Sinvestment沒有記錄使用者活動日誌。
該公司的程序規定“記錄用戶活動的日誌應保留並定期審查”，但該公司沒有提供任何執行該程序的證據。
在所有審核活動中，審核員透過觀察、訪談、文件化資訊審查、分析和技術驗證來收集資訊和證據。對第一階段和第二階段的所有審核結果進行了分析，審核小組決定發布積極的認證建議。
根據場景 6，行銷部門員工沒有遵守存取控制策略。
在這種情況下哪個選項是正確的？
Answer: C
Explanation:
Even though the marketing department was not included in the audit scope, the issue of employees' access rights control must be communicated to Sinvestment's representatives and included in the audit report because it is part of Sinvestment's information security policy. It reflects on the overall adherence to the ISMS requirements.
References: ISO/IEC 27001:2013, Clause 9.2 (Internal audit)
NEW QUESTION # 248
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