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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Routine Blood Collections | 28% | - Venipuncture techniques & equipment - Tourniquet use & vein assessment - Post-collection care & labeling - Order of draw & tube selection - Capillary puncture procedures |
| Topic 2: Specimen Processing & Handling | 14% | - Transport & storage requirements - Specimen rejection criteria - Aliquoting & preservation - Processing & centrifugation - Documentation & tracking |
| Topic 3: Special Collections | 12% | - Glucose tolerance & dynamic tests - Pediatric & geriatric collections - Therapeutic drug monitoring - Blood cultures & sterile collection - Blood alcohol & legal collections |
| Topic 4: Patient Preparation | 20% | - Patient identification & verification - Requisition review & test verification - Informed consent & communication - Patient positioning & comfort - Site selection & preparation |
| Topic 5: Safety and Compliance | 26% | - PPE & sharps disposal - Bloodborne pathogens & exposure control - Quality control & error prevention - Infection control & OSHA standards - HIPAA & patient confidentiality |
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NEW QUESTION # 81
Which of the following blood components is primarily responsible for oxygen transport?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Erythrocytes are primarily responsible for oxygen transport. They contain hemoglobin, the iron-containing protein that binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it to tissues. Platelets are involved in hemostasis and clot formation, not oxygen transport. Leukocytes are white blood cells that support immune defense. Plasma proteins perform functions such as maintaining oncotic pressure, transporting substances, and supporting clotting through proteins such as fibrinogen, but they are not the primary oxygen carriers. This foundational knowledge matters because phlebotomy technicians work with specimens used to evaluate red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, indices, anemia, blood loss, and hemolysis. If a specimen is hemolyzed, red blood cells rupture and release intracellular contents, which can alter laboratory values. Understanding blood components helps the technician connect collection technique to specimen integrity. For example, rough handling, excessive suction, improper needle size, or vigorous shaking can damage erythrocytes and compromise results. Reference topics: Phlebotomy Fundamentals; blood components; erythrocytes; hemoglobin; CBC testing.
NEW QUESTION # 82
Which of the following actions should a phlebotomist take if a patient develops a rapidly forming hematoma during venipuncture?
Answer: A
Explanation:
If a rapidly forming hematoma develops, the phlebotomist should remove the needle and apply pressure. A hematoma occurs when blood leaks into surrounding tissue, often because the needle has gone through the vein, partially exited the vein, or the vein wall has been injured. Continuing the collection can worsen bleeding, increase pain, and compromise the specimen. Asking the patient to pump their fist increases venous pressure and can worsen leakage or alter some test results. Inserting the needle deeper is unsafe because it may worsen vessel injury or strike nearby structures. The correct response is to release the tourniquet, remove the needle, activate the safety device, apply firm pressure, and monitor the site. A bandage should be applied only after bleeding has stopped. The phlebotomist should document or report the complication according to facility policy and avoid recollecting from the affected site. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; hematoma; venipuncture complications; needle removal; post-procedure care.
NEW QUESTION # 83
Which of the following practices violates standard precautions?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Reusing a tourniquet visibly contaminated with blood violates standard precautions. Any reusable equipment contaminated with blood must be cleaned and disinfected according to facility policy, and single-use items must be discarded. Blood is treated as potentially infectious regardless of the patient's diagnosis or appearance. Wearing gloves during venipuncture is correct practice. Treating all blood as potentially infectious is the core principle of standard precautions. Washing hands after glove removal is also required because gloves can have microscopic defects or hands can become contaminated during removal. A contaminated tourniquet can transfer bloodborne pathogens or other organisms to patients, staff, and surfaces. Phlebotomists should inspect equipment before use, avoid placing supplies on contaminated surfaces, use disposable tourniquets when required, and disinfect reusable items appropriately. Infection-control failures often occur through routine shortcuts, not dramatic emergencies. This question tests whether the technician understands standard precautions as everyday behavior, not just PPE vocabulary. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; standard precautions; reusable equipment; blood contamination; infection prevention.
NEW QUESTION # 84
When performing a capillary collection, which of the following tubes should a phlebotomist collect last?
Answer: D
Explanation:
In capillary collection, the red tube should be collected last from the options listed. Capillary order of draw differs from venipuncture order of draw because capillary blood begins clotting quickly after puncture. Tubes containing anticoagulants are collected before serum tubes to prevent platelet clumping and microclot formation that could invalidate hematology or other additive-based testing. Lavender EDTA specimens are typically prioritized early because hematology testing requires well-mixed anticoagulated whole blood. Lithium heparin is also an additive tube and should be collected before a non-additive or serum specimen. Red tubes are generally serum tubes and are collected later because clotting is expected for serum production. Microhematocrit collection depends on the procedure and whether anticoagulated capillary tubes are used, but it is not the best answer for "last" in this item. The phlebotomist must also wipe away the first drop, avoid excessive squeezing, fill microcollection containers properly, and mix additive specimens immediately by gentle inversion. NHA CPT competencies include dermal puncture, capillary order of draw, microcollection devices, and specimen integrity. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; capillary collection; dermal puncture; microcollection order of draw.
NEW QUESTION # 85
Which of the following agencies enforces workplace standards related to bloodborne pathogens?
Answer: B
Explanation:
OSHA enforces workplace standards related to bloodborne pathogens. In phlebotomy, OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogens Standard is central because technicians routinely handle blood, sharps, contaminated equipment, and potentially infectious materials. OSHA requirements support exposure-control plans, engineering controls, sharps safety, PPE, hepatitis B vaccination access, training, and post-exposure follow-up. The FDA regulates drugs, biologics, and medical devices, but it does not enforce employer bloodborne pathogen workplace standards in the same way OSHA does. CMS administers Medicare and Medicaid and oversees certain healthcare quality and laboratory-related regulatory structures, but it is not the primary workplace bloodborne pathogen enforcement agency. DEA regulates controlled substances, which is unrelated to routine phlebotomy safety. A phlebotomist does not need to be a legal scholar, but they must know which agencies govern common safety and compliance issues. This knowledge supports correct behavior during needlesticks, sharps disposal, PPE use, exposure reporting, and infection-control practice. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; OSHA; bloodborne pathogens; exposure-control plan; workplace safety.
NEW QUESTION # 86
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