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NEW QUESTION # 79
When an SDN controller cluster is deployed in Huawei CloudFabric Solution, which of the following network planes are divided based on carried services? (Select All that Apply)
Answer: A,B,D
Explanation:
In Huawei's CloudFabric Solution, the iMaster NCE-Fabric SDN controller cluster separates network planes based on carried services to ensure scalability and security. Let's evaluate each option:
A . BGP microservice plane: This is not a standard plane in Huawei's SDN architecture. BGP is used in the underlay/overlay but not defined as a separate microservice plane for the controller. FALSE.
B . Southbound service plane: This is true. The southbound plane carries configuration and control data to network devices (e.g., via NETCONF, BGP-EVPN), a critical service plane in SDN. TRUE.
C . Northbound management plane: This is true. The northbound plane provides APIs for management applications and orchestration (e.g., OpenStack integration), handling service requests. TRUE.
D . Internal communication plane: This is true. This plane facilitates communication between controller cluster nodes for synchronization and high availability. TRUE.
Thus, B (Southbound service plane), C (Northbound management plane), and D (Internal communication plane) are the network planes divided based on carried services.
NEW QUESTION # 80
The figure shows an incomplete VXLAN packet format.
Which of the following positions should the VXLAN header be inserted into so that the packet format is complete?
Answer: A
Explanation:
VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN) is a tunneling protocol that encapsulates Layer 2 Ethernet frames within UDP packets to extend VLANs across Layer 3 networks, commonly used in Huawei's CloudFabric data center solutions. The provided figure illustrates an incomplete VXLAN packet format with the following sequence:
Outer Ethernet Header (Position 1): Encapsulates the packet for transport over the physical network.
Outer IP Header (Position 2): Defines the source and destination IP addresses for the tunnel endpoints.
UDP Header (Position 3): Carries the VXLAN traffic over UDP port 4789.
Inner Ethernet Header (Position 4): The original Layer 2 frame from the VM or endpoint.
Inner IP Header (Position 5): The original IP header of the encapsulated payload.
Payload (Position 6): The data being transported.
The VXLAN header, which includes a 24-bit VXLAN Network Identifier (VNI) to identify the virtual network, must be inserted to complete the encapsulation. In a standard VXLAN packet format:
The VXLAN header follows the UDP header and precedes the inner Ethernet header. This is because the VXLAN header is part of the encapsulation layer, providing the VNI to map the inner frame to the correct overlay network.
The sequence is: Outer Ethernet Header → Outer IP Header → UDP Header → VXLAN Header → Inner Ethernet Header → Inner IP Header → Payload.
In the figure, the positions are numbered as follows:
1: Outer Ethernet Header
2: Outer IP Header
3: UDP Header
4: Inner Ethernet Header
The VXLAN header should be inserted after the UDP header (Position 3) and before the Inner Ethernet Header (Position 4). However, the question asks for the position where the VXLAN header should be "inserted into," implying the point of insertion relative to the existing headers. Since the inner Ethernet header (Position 4) is where the encapsulated data begins, the VXLAN header must be placed just before it, which corresponds to inserting it at the transition from the UDP header to the inner headers. Thus, the correct position is D (2) if interpreted as the logical insertion point after the UDP header, but based on the numbering, it aligns with the need to place it before Position 4. Correcting for the figure's intent, the VXLAN header insertion logically occurs at the boundary before Position 4, but the options suggest a mislabeling. Given standard VXLAN documentation, the VXLAN header follows UDP (Position 3), and the closest insertion point before the inner headers is misinterpreted in numbering. Re-evaluating the figure, Position 2 (after Outer IP Header) is incorrect, and Position 3 (after UDP) is not listed separately. The correct technical insertion is after UDP, but the best fit per options is D (2) as a misnumbered reference to the UDP-to-inner transition. However, standard correction yields after UDP (not directly an option), but strictly, it's after 3. Given options, D (2) is the intended answer based on misaligned numbering.
Corrected answer: After re-evaluating the standard VXLAN packet structure and the figure's
NEW QUESTION # 81
Which of the following protocols is used to back up session tables between the active and standby firewalls in the hot standby scenario?
Answer: B
Explanation:
In a hot standby scenario, firewalls (e.g., Huawei USG series) maintain high availability by synchronizing session tables between active and standby devices to ensure seamless failover. Let's evaluate each protocol:
A . M-LAG (Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation): M-LAG is a link aggregation technology for switches, not designed for session table backup between firewalls. Incorrect.
B . VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol): VRRP provides gateway redundancy by electing a master router, but it does not handle session table synchronization between firewalls. Incorrect.
C . BFD (Bidirectional Forwarding Detection): BFD is a fast failure detection protocol used with routing protocols, not for session table backup. Incorrect.
D . HRP (Hot Standby Redundancy Protocol): HRP is Huawei's proprietary protocol specifically designed for firewall hot standby scenarios. It synchronizes session tables, configuration data, and status information between active and standby firewalls to ensure stateful failover. Correct.
Thus, the answer is D (HRP).
NEW QUESTION # 82
In an M-LAG, two CE series switches send M-LAG synchronization packets through the peer-link to synchronize information with each other in real time. Which of the following entries need to be included in the M-LAG synchronization packets to ensure that traffic forwarding is not affected if either device fails? (Select All that Apply)
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation Group (M-LAG) is a high-availability technology on Huawei CloudEngine (CE) series switches, where two switches appear as a single logical device to downstream devices. The peer-link between the M-LAG peers synchronizes critical information to ensure seamless failover if one device fails. Let's evaluate the entries:
A . MAC Address Entries: MAC address tables map device MACs to ports. In M-LAG, synchronizing MAC entries ensures that both switches know the location of connected devices. If one switch fails, the surviving switch can forward Layer 2 traffic without relearning MAC addresses, preventing disruptions. Required.
B . Routing Entries: Routing entries (e.g., OSPF or BGP routes) are maintained at Layer 3 and typically synchronized via routing protocols, not M-LAG peer-link packets. M-LAG operates at Layer 2, and while Layer 3 can be overlaid (e.g., with VXLAN), routing table synchronization is not a standard M-LAG requirement. Not Required.
C . IGMP Entries: IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) entries track multicast group memberships. While useful for multicast traffic, they are not critical for basic unicast traffic forwarding in M-LAG failover scenarios. Huawei documentation indicates IGMP synchronization is optional and context-specific, not mandatory for general traffic continuity. Not Required.
D . ARP Entries: ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) entries map IP addresses to MAC addresses, crucial for Layer 2/Layer 3 communication. Synchronizing ARP entries ensures the surviving switch can resolve IP-to-MAC mappings post-failover, avoiding ARP flooding or traffic loss. Required.
Thus, A (MAC address entries) and D (ARP entries) are essential for M-LAG synchronization to maintain traffic forwarding during failover, per Huawei CE switch M-LAG design.
NEW QUESTION # 83
In which of the following phases can CloudFabric implement full-lifecycle automatic network management and control? (Select All that Apply)
Answer: A,B,C,D
Explanation:
Huawei's CloudFabric solution provides an SDN-based framework for data center network management, supporting automation across the network lifecycle. Let's evaluate each phase:
A). Planning and construction: This is true. CloudFabric automates network design, resource allocation, and deployment during the planning and construction phase using tools like iMaster NCE. TRUE.
B). Service provisioning: This is true. Automated service orchestration (e.g., VXLAN tunnel setup, tenant configuration) is a key feature during provisioning. TRUE.
C). O&M and monitoring: This is true. CloudFabric offers real-time monitoring, fault detection, and performance optimization through centralized management. TRUE.
D). Change optimization: This is true. The solution supports automated upgrades, policy adjustments, and optimization based on analytics, covering the change management phase.
TRUE.
All phases A, B, C, and D are supported by CloudFabric's full-lifecycle automation.
NEW QUESTION # 84
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