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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: General Knowledge | 10% | - Ethical, legal, and professional considerations - Standards, models, and frameworks - Basic statistics and measurement theory - Quality principles and concepts |
| Topic 2: Software Quality Management | 15% | - Quality management systems - Quality control and improvement - Audits and assessments - Quality planning and assurance |
| Topic 3: Software Configuration Management | 15% | - Change control and traceability - Configuration planning and identification - Configuration audits and status accounting - Release and deployment management |
| Topic 4: System and Software Engineering Processes | 18% | - Software design, construction, and maintenance - System integration and deployment - Requirements engineering and management - Software development lifecycles and models |
| Topic 5: Software Verification and Validation | 20% | - Verification principles and methods - Reviews, inspections, and defect management - Test planning, design, and execution - Validation and testing concepts |
| Topic 6: Software Metrics and Analysis | 12% | - Reporting and decision support - Measurement and data collection - Statistical analysis and interpretation - Process and product metrics |
| Topic 7: Project Management | 10% | - Tracking, control, and communication - Risk management - Supplier and vendor management - Project planning and estimation |
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質問 # 41
When a defect is discovered during the test phase., what is the earliest phase in the software lifecycle that could need rework to resolve the defect?
正解：C
解説：
When a defect is discovered during the test phase, the earliest phase in the software lifecycle that could need rework to resolve the defect is often the requirements phase because:
* Root Cause Analysis : Many defects originate from misunderstandings or errors in the initial requirements. If the requirements are incorrect or incomplete, it will affect all subsequent phases.
* Impact on Design and Implementation : Incorrect requirements lead to flawed design and implementation, necessitating rework in these phases as well.
* Cost of Fixing Defects : The cost and effort to fix defects increase exponentially the later they are found in the development lifecycle. Addressing issues at the requirements stage is more cost-effective.
Reference: " Software Defect Origins and Removal Methods: Fixing defects at the requirements stage prevents propagation of errors through the design, implementation, and testing phases. " (IEEE Software Engineering Standards)
質問 # 42
Which of the following individuals on the Change Control Board (CCB) is responsible for escalating change requests and other issues to a higher level CCB or management?
正解：A
質問 # 43
During the requirements planning stage, management ' s responsibility is to
正解：C
解説：
During requirements planning, management is responsible for establishing the conditions needed for successful requirements development. A key responsibility is ensuring that the correct stakeholders are identified and involved. Stakeholders may include customers, users, developers, testers, quality representatives, maintainers, operations personnel, regulators, and business owners. Their participation helps ensure that requirements are complete, realistic, testable, and aligned with business needs. Developers may help provide implementation estimates, customers help confirm requirements, and quality personnel may help define quality criteria. However, management must make sure the proper people, authority, resources, and communication paths are in place. Without appropriate stakeholder involvement, requirements are more likely to be incomplete, ambiguous, conflicting, or misunderstood.
質問 # 44
As it relates to testing, the phrase "80% coverage" means 80% of the
正解：C
解説：
The phrase "80% coverage" in testing typically refers to the percentage of statements in the program that have been executed at least once during testing. This is known as statement coverage or code coverage. It is a measure of how much of the code has been exercised by the test suite and is used to assess the thoroughness of the testing efforts. It does not necessarily mean that 80% of the software is error-free, that 80% of planned test cases have been completed, or that 80% of predicted errors have been uncovered, although higher coverage often correlates with better defect detection.References:
* Kaner, Cem, Jack Falk, and Hung Quoc Nguyen. "Testing Computer Software." 2nd Edition, Wiley,
1999.
* Myers, Glenford J., Tom Badgett, and Corey Sandler. "The Art of Software Testing." 3rd Edition, Wiley, 2011.
質問 # 45
A software quality engineer (SQE > is testing software in a system used to monitor critically ill patients and administer dosages of life-sustaining medicines Tests reveal a flaw that could result in an unscheduled shutdown under certain circumstances. Ox er the SQE ' s verbal and written objections: the director of engineering decides to ship the system. The SQE knows from experience that " whistle-blowers " in the company have lost their jobs The most appropriate next step for the SQE would be to
正解：C
解説：
In a situation where a software quality engineer (SQE) identifies a critical flaw and the immediate superior decides to proceed despite the risk, the most appropriate next step is to discuss the issue with top management. This involves:
* Documenting the Issue : Clearly outlining the flaw, its potential impact, and the SQE ' s objections.
* Escalating the Concern : Bringing the issue to the attention of higher management levels who have the authority to reconsider the decision.
* Focusing on Safety : Emphasizing the critical nature of the flaw, especially in a system used for monitoring critically ill patients.
This step ensures that the concerns are heard at the highest level, potentially preventing a decision that could endanger lives and the company ' s reputation.
References:
" Software Quality Assurance: Principles and Practice " by Nina S. Godbole IEEE Code of Ethics
質問 # 46
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