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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: FortiAnalyzer | - Troubleshoot logs and reports - Troubleshoot device and communication issues |
| Topic 2: Authentication | - Troubleshoot Fortinet Single Sign-On (FSSO) - Troubleshoot local and remote authentication |
| Topic 3: Security Profiles | - Troubleshoot web filtering issues - Troubleshoot FortiGuard issues - Troubleshoot the intrusion prevention system (IPS) |
| Topic 4: FortiManager | - Troubleshoot policy and object management - Troubleshoot device-level and ADOM-level issues - Troubleshoot FortiManager HA |
| Topic 5: VPNs | - Troubleshoot IPsec IKE version 1 and 2 |
| Topic 6: System Troubleshooting | - Troubleshoot automation stitches - Troubleshoot connectivity problems using built-in tools - Troubleshoot resource problems using built-in tools - Troubleshoot Security Fabric and FortiOS connectivity - Troubleshoot HA |
| Topic 7: Routing | - Troubleshoot routing packets using static routes, policy routes, and OSPF |
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NEW QUESTION # 108
Refer to the exhibits,
which show the configuration on FortiGate and partial session information for internet traffic from a user on the internal network. If the priority on route ID 2 were changed from 10 to 0, what would happen to traffic matching that user session? (Choose one answer)
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct answer is A. This behavior is dictated by the configuration command set snat-route-change enable shown in Exhibit 1 under config system global.
* Routing Change: By changing the priority of route ID 2 from 10 to 0, it becomes lower than route ID 1 (priority 5). In FortiOS, a lower priority value indicates a more preferred route. Consequently, the active route for the destination changes from port1 to port2.
* SNAT Implication: The existing session (shown in Exhibit 2) is using Source NAT (SNAT) with the IP address associated with port1 (10.200.1.1). If the traffic were simply switched to port2, the source IP would be incorrect for that interface and the return traffic would likely fail or be dropped.
* snat-route-change enable: This specific setting instructs the FortiGate on how to handle established SNAT sessions when a routing change occurs that alters the preferred outgoing interface. When enabled, if a route change forces an SNAT session to a new interface, FortiGate flushes (deletes) the session from the session table. This is necessary because a live TCP session cannot survive a change in its source IP address. The client must initiate a new session, which will then be created using the new correct route (port2) and the corresponding new SNAT IP.
If this setting were disabled, the session would likely remain "sticky" to the original interface (port1) until it closed, provided the route still existed. However, the explicit configuration forces the deletion.
NEW QUESTION # 109
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the omitted output of a session table entry.
Which two statements are true? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,C
Explanation:
In the provided session table output, the following details justify the answers:
Policy ID Match: The line policy_id=1 directly confirms that this session was matched by Firewall Policy ID
1. According to Fortinet's session table documentation, the policy_id field always references the policy that allowed this session, so this is a clear indicator.
Session Offloading: The presence of the strings npu_state, ips_offload, and notably the NPU info section such as offload=8/8, ips_offload=1/1 shows that this session has been offloaded to the Network Processor Unit (NPU). Fortinet technical documentation states that "offload" values greater than zero in both directions (and an NPU info section) affirm that NPU hardware processing (fast path) is handling this traffic, thus the session is not being handled in software only.
Other options:
VLAN Tagging (vlan=0x0000/0x0000): This means no VLAN tag is assigned to this session.
NP7: The actual NPU model handling the session isn't exposed in this snippet-the offload parameters shown are generic and not specific to NP7 hardware, so it cannot be concluded from the session data.
References:
Fortinet Technical Tip: FortiGate Session Table and NPU Offloading
FortiOS Diagnostics Guide: Policy ID, Offload, and VLAN Session Table Fields
NEW QUESTION # 110
Refer to the exhibit.
The exhibit shows a session entry. Which statement about this TCP session is true?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The correct answer is C. The session is offloaded using NPU.
The exact session example in the study guide shows:
proto=6 → this is a TCP session
expire=3599 → the session will expire in 3599 seconds, not in one second hook=post dir=org act=snat 10.9.31.117:45388->200.8.57.5:443(10.1.0.3:45388) hook=pre dir=reply act=dnat 200.8.57.5:443->10.1.0.3:45388(10.9.31.117:45388) npu info: ... offload=8/8 ...
and the slide explicitly states: "Offloaded in both directions using NP6" The study guide also explains this exact point clearly:
"Counters for hardware acceleration-The presence of the npu info field indicates the session has been offloaded to hardware acceleration. In this example, traffic is being offloaded in both directions using network processor (NP) 6, which is represented by the value of 8." Why the other options are wrong:
A is wrong because expire=3599, not 1. The duration=1 field means the session has existed for 1 second, not that it will expire in 1 second.
B is wrong because the original session is from 10.9.31.117 to the remote server 200.8.57.5:443. The IP 10.1.0.3 is the SNAT-translated source address, not the final destination.
D is not the best answer for this single-select question. The reply is indeed DNATed back toward the original client, but the exact validated takeaway highlighted by the study guide for this exhibit is the NPU offload state.
NEW QUESTION # 111
Refer to the exhibit, which shows the output of diagnose sys session list.
If the HA ID for the primary device is 0, what happens if the primary fails and the secondary becomes the primary?
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 112
Which of the following regarding protocol states is true? (Choose one answer)
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is B.
The study guide states that for TCP, the protocol state is a two-digit number. The first digit is the server-side state and is 0 when the session is not subject to inspection. The second digit is the client-side state. It also shows that value 1 = ESTABLISHED So, for a normal TCP session with no inspection, proto_state=01 means:
first digit 0 = no inspection
second digit 1 = ESTABLISHED
That makes B correct.
Why the other options are wrong:
A is wrong because for UDP, the study guide says 00 = one-way traffic and 01 = two-way traffic C is wrong because 10 does not represent the normal established TCP session described in the study guide. The established example shown is based on state value 1, and the guide explicitly highlights proto_state=11 when both server-side and client-side TCP handshakes are completed D is wrong because for ICMP, the study guide says "the protocol state is always 00"
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NEW QUESTION # 113
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