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243. Frage
As shown in the figure, all interfaces of the router enable DSPF. The cost value of the link is marked in the figure. R2 The LoopbackD interface is advertised in area 1, then the cost of R1 reaching 10.2/32 is?
Antwort: B
244. Frage
On the OSPF network shown in the figure:
* Area 1 is a common area.
* Area 2 is a totally NSSA (Not-So-Stubby Area).
* Area 3 is an NSSA.
* R5 imports the external route 10.0.5.5/32 into OSPF.
Which of the following routers have the route 10.0.5.5/32 in their routing tables?
Antwort: B,C,D
Begründung:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Understanding OSPF Areas and Route Propagation in the Network:
* OSPF Area Types in the Question:
* Area 0 (Backbone Area): Connects all areas and distributes routing information.
* Area 1 (Standard Area): Regular OSPF area that can receive and forward external routes.
* Area 2 (Totally NSSA - Totally Not-So-Stubby Area):
* Does not allow external routes except for a default route injected by the ABR.
* Area 3 (NSSA - Not-So-Stubby Area):
* Allows external routes as Type 7 LSAs but does not accept Type 5 LSAs.
* How External Routes Are Advertised in This Scenario:
* R5 (in Area 3) imports 10.0.5.5/32 as an external route into OSPF.
* Since Area 3 is an NSSA, the external route is advertised as a Type 7 LSA (not Type 5).
* The ABR (R1) converts the Type 7 LSA into a Type 5 LSA and advertises it into Area 0.
* Once in Area 0, this Type 5 LSA can be distributed to other areas except totally stubby or totally NSSA areas.
Route Distribution Analysis:
* R5 (Area 3) # R1 (Area 0, ABR):
* R5 generates a Type 7 LSA for 10.0.5.5/32.
* R1 (ABR) converts this Type 7 LSA into a Type 5 LSA and injects it into Area 0.
* R2 (Area 0) # R3 (Area 0):
* Since Area 0 allows external Type 5 LSAs, R2 and R3 receive 10.0.5.5/32.# R2 and R3 have the route.
* R6 (Area 1) # Connected to Area 0:
* Area 1 is a common area, meaning it can receive external Type 5 LSAs.# R6 has the route.
* R4 (Area 2 - Totally NSSA):
* Totally NSSA areas do NOT accept Type 5 or Type 7 LSAs.
* Instead, they receive only a default route from the ABR (R3).
* Since R4 does not receive external routes explicitly, it does NOT have 10.0.5.5/32.# R4 does NOT have the route.
Final Conclusion:
* # R2, R3, and R6 have the route 10.0.5.5/32.
* # R4 does not have the route because Area 2 is a Totally NSSA and only gets a default route.
Thus, the correct answer is:
# R2, R3, and R6 have the route 10.0.5.5/32 in their routing tables.
Reference:
HCIP-Datacom-Advanced Routing & Switching Technology V1.0 - OSPF Route Types and Area Behavior Huawei Official HCIP-Datacom Study Guide - OSPF LSA Types and Route Filtering in NSSA & Totally NSSA Areas Huawei Documentation on Type 7 to Type 5 LSA Conversion in NSSA Areas
245. Frage
The AS-External-LSA generated by a router is shown in the figure. Based on this LSA, which of the following descriptions are correct? (Multiple choice)
Antwort: A,B,D
246. Frage
On the network shown in the figure, IS-IS runs on R1, R2, R4, and R5, and the area ID is 49.0001. IS-IS runs on R3 and R6, and the area ID is 49.0002. In AS 65000, R1, R3, R4, and R6 each establish iBGP peer relationships with R2 and R5. R2 and R5 are RRs (Route Reflectors), and R1, R4, R3, and R6 are clients. The iBGP peer relationships are established using Loopback0 on each router, and the router ID is 10.0.0.X/32, where X is the number of the router. R1 and R4 import the external route 192.168.1.0/24 to BGP through the import-route command, and R3 and R6 import the external route 192.168.2.0/24 to BGP through the import- route command. Which of the following statements are true?
Antwort: A
Begründung:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
This question involves IS-IS, iBGP, and route reflection, but unlike Question 2, it does not mention the import-route isis level-2 into level-1 command. We'll re-analyze each statement, considering the possibility of multiple correct answers, and ensure alignment with HCIP-Datacom principles.
A). The routing table of R4 contains two equal-cost default routes.
* Analysis:
* R4 is a Level-1/Level-2 router in area 49.0001. It can learn default routes from Level-2 routers (R2, R5) if they advertise them (e.g., via default-route-advertise).
* The question does not specify default route advertisement or equal-cost paths. IS-IS prefers the closest Level-2 router, and the topology suggests a single path (e.g., via R2 or R5), not two equal- cost paths.
* Without ECMP or specific configuration, R4 would not have two equal-cost default routes.
* Conclusion: This statement is false.
B). The route 192.168.1.0/24 in the routing table of R3 has two next hops.
* Analysis:
* The route 192.168.1.0/24 is imported into BGP by R1 and R4 (in area 49.0001) and reflected by R2 and R5 to their iBGP clients, including R3 (in area 49.0002).
* The next-hop for this route, as received via iBGP, would typically point to R1 or R4 unless next- hop-self is configured on R2 or R5.
* R3, in area 49.0002 (Level-2), needs an IS-IS path to reach R1 or R4 (in area 49.0001). Without the import-route isis level-2 into level-1 command (not mentioned here), standard IS-IS behavior applies: Level-2 routers (R3) cannot directly learn Level-1 routes unless redistributed or via Level-2 connectivity.
* R3 relies on IS-IS Level-2 routes via R2 or R5 to reach R1/R4. The question does not indicate multiple equal-cost IS-IS paths from R3 to R1 and R4 (e.g., via both R2 and R5 with the same cost).
* Without ECMP or equal-cost paths, R3 would use a single next hop to reach 192.168.1.0/24.
* However, if R2 and R5 both reflect the route with the same cost to R1 and R4, and IS-IS provides equal-cost paths to both next-hops, R3 could have two next hops if ECMP is enabled.
* The topology and lack of cost details suggest this is unlikely without explicit configuration, making this statement false in standard scenarios.
* Conclusion: This statement is false, as there's no clear evidence of ECMP or equal-cost paths.
C). The routing table of R1 does not contain the route 192.168.2.0/24.
* Analysis:
* The route 192.168.2.0/24 is imported into BGP by R3 and R6 (in area 49.0002) and reflected by R2 and R5 to their iBGP clients, including R1 (in area 49.0001).
* iBGP ensures the route is propagated within AS 65000, so R1, as an iBGP client, will receive
192.168.2.0/24.
* R1, in area 49.0001 (Level-1/Level-2), needs an IS-IS path to the next-hop (R3 or R6). Without the import-route isis level-2 into level-1 command, standard IS-IS behavior applies: Level-1 routers (R1) cannot learn Level-2 routes (to R3, R6) unless redistributed or via Level-2 connectivity through R2 or R5.
* Since R2 and R5 are Level-2 routers connecting the areas, R1 can learn IS-IS routes to R3 and R6 via Level-2, allowing it to resolve the next-hop and install 192.168.2.0/24 in its routing table.
* Therefore, R1's routing table contains 192.168.2.0/24, making this statement false.
* Conclusion: This statement is false.
D). For 192.168.1.0/24, R3 preferentially selects the BGP route received from R2, and R6 preferentially selects the BGP route received from R5.
* Analysis:
* The route 192.168.1.0/24 is imported into BGP by R1 and R4 (in area 49.0001) and reflected by R2 and R5 to their iBGP clients, including R3 and R6 (in area 49.0002).
* In iBGP, when R3 and R6 receive the same route from multiple RRs (R2 and R5), they select the best path based on BGP attributes. If attributes like AS path, MED, and local preference are equal, BGP prefers the route with the lowest router ID of the advertising RR.
* The router IDs are 10.0.0.2 for R2 and 10.0.0.5 for R5. By default, both R3 and R6 would prefer the route from R2 (lower router ID, 10.0.0.2 < 10.0.0.5).
* However, the statement specifies that R3 prefers R2's route and R6 prefers R5's route, which would require specific BGP configurations (e.g., local preference, MED, or community attributes) to override the default router ID preference.
* The question does not mention such configurations, but the statement's wording suggests an implied or configured scenario common in HCIP-Datacom exams.
* If R2 and R5 are configured with different local preferences or other attributes for their clients (e.
g., R2 sets a higher local preference for R3, and R5 sets a higher local preference for R6), this could result in R3 preferring R2's route and R6 preferring R5's route.
* Given the exam context and the possibility of multiple correct answers, D is true if we interpret the statement as reflecting a configured scenario where R3 and R6 have been set up to prefer routes from R2 and R5, respectively, for 192.168.1.0/24. This aligns with typical HCIP-Datacom questions testing BGP path selection policies.
* Conclusion: This statement is true, based on the implied or configured BGP path selection in the exam context.
247. Frage
In the Hub&Spoke network shown in the figure, Hub-PE can allow local AS number duplication through manual configuration to achieve correct routing transmission.
Antwort: A
248. Frage
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