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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Financial Accounting Fundamentals | - Preparing financial statements (Income Statement, Balance Sheet, Statement of Cash Flows) - Understanding the accounting cycle - Recording transactions and adjusting entries - Accrual vs. cash basis accounting |
| Topic 2: Financial Statement Analysis | - Ratio analysis (liquidity, profitability, solvency, efficiency ratios) - Interpreting financial data for decision-making purposes - Horizontal and vertical analysis |
| Topic 3: Budgeting and Planning | - Variance analysis - Master budget components - Operating budgets (sales, production, direct materials, direct labor, overhead) - Financial budgets (cash budget, budgeted income statement, budgeted balance sheet) |
| Topic 4: Managerial Accounting Concepts | - Cost classification and behavior (fixed, variable, mixed costs) - Contribution margin and break-even analysis - Job order and process costing - Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) analysis |
| Topic 5: Decision Making and Performance Evaluation | - Balanced Scorecard concepts - Make-or-buy and special order decisions - Relevant costs for decision making - Responsibility accounting and performance metrics - Capital budgeting techniques (NPV, IRR, Payback Period) |
>> WGU Accounting-for-Decision-Makers学習範囲 <<
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質問 # 37
Which change occurred if the cost of goods sold moved from 76.8% to 72.6%?
正解：D
解説：
The correct answer is C. Gross profit percentage increased by 4.2% . Gross profit percentage and cost of goods sold percentage are directly related because together they normally total 100% of sales .
Originally:
Gross profit percentage = 100% - 76.8% = 23.2%
After the change:
Gross profit percentage = 100% - 72.6% = 27.4%
Now calculate the increase:
27.4% - 23.2% = 4.2%
So when the cost of goods sold percentage decreased from 76.8% to 72.6% , the gross profit percentage increased by 4.2% .
Option A is incorrect because the question does not provide enough information to determine the change in net profit percentage , which depends on more than cost of goods sold. Operating expenses, interest, and taxes would also affect net profit. Option B is incorrect for the same reason. Option D is the opposite of what actually happened. Since a lower COGS percentage leaves a larger portion of sales as gross profit, the correct conclusion is that gross profit percentage increased by 4.2% , making Option C correct.
質問 # 38
Which organization establishes rules U.S. companies use to record and report accounting transactions?
正解：D
解説：
The correct answer is C. Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) . The FASB is the private-sector standard-setting body whose accounting and financial reporting standards are recognized as authoritative U.S.
generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for purposes of the federal securities laws. The SEC has explicitly recognized FASB standards as "generally accepted," which is why U.S. companies rely on FASB guidance when recording and reporting accounting transactions.
Option A is incorrect because the Accounting Principles Board (APB) was a former standard-setting body that was replaced by the FASB. Option B, the SEC , does have legal authority over public company reporting, but it does not serve as the primary day-to-day accounting standard setter in the same way FASB does. Option D, the IRS , is responsible for tax administration, not financial accounting standards for general-purpose financial statements. For exam purposes, when the question asks which organization establishes the accounting rules U.S. companies use to record and report transactions, the best and most accurate answer is FASB .
質問 # 39
Which body regulates a certified public accounting firm's audit practices when the firm is auditing a large, publicly traded company?
正解：B
解説：
The correct answer is D. The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) . The PCAOB was created to oversee the audits of public companies and SEC-registered brokers and dealers in order to protect investors and support the public interest in accurate, independent audit reports. Its responsibilities include registration of audit firms, inspections, enforcement, and audit-related standard-setting. Because the question refers to a CPA firm auditing a large, publicly traded company , PCAOB oversight is the correct regulatory answer.
Option A is incorrect because FASB sets accounting standards, not audit practice regulation for public company auditors. Option B, FASAC , is an advisory council to FASB and does not regulate audit firms.
Option C, the IRS , administers tax laws and does not oversee external audit practices for public companies.
In accounting and auditing, it is essential to distinguish between those who set accounting rules and those who supervise auditors. For publicly traded companies, that audit oversight role belongs to the PCAOB , making Option D the only accurate choice.
質問 # 40
The following list provides partial financial information for a company.
Beginning cash balance = $1,200
Received cash from sales of goods = $16,000
Paid wages and salaries = $4,500
Received cash from non-trading securities = $5,000
Paid cash for plant assets = $6,000
Received cash from loans = $8,000
Paid cash in repayment of loans = $2,000
What is the ending cash balance for this company?
正解：D
解説：
The correct answer is D. $17,700 . To find the ending cash balance, start with the beginning cash balance and then add all cash inflows and subtract all cash outflows.
Beginning cash = $1,200
Inflows:
Cash from sales = $16,000
Cash received from non-trading securities = $5,000
Cash received from loans = $8,000
Total inflows = $29,000
Outflows:
Wages and salaries paid = $4,500
Cash paid for plant assets = $6,000
Cash paid in repayment of loans = $2,000
Total outflows = $12,500
Now calculate ending cash:
Ending cash = $1,200 + $29,000 - $12,500 = $17,700
This is the amount of cash remaining after considering all listed cash transactions. The classification of the cash flows is not necessary to solve the question, but they include operating, investing, and financing effects.
What matters mathematically is that every cash receipt increases total cash and every cash payment decreases it. Since the net increase in cash is $16,500 , adding that to the beginning cash of $1,200 gives $17,700 .
Therefore, Option D is correct.
質問 # 41
Where should a company report cash payments to acquire or construct long-term fixed assets on a statement of cash flows?
正解：A
解説：
The correct answer is C. Cash flows from investing activities . Cash paid to acquire, build, or improve long- term fixed assets such as land, buildings, machinery, and equipment is classified as an investing cash outflow on the statement of cash flows. OpenStax explains that the investing section of the statement of cash flows relates to changes in long-term assets , which includes capital expenditures for property, plant, and equipment. FASB cash flow guidance also requires classifying cash receipts and payments as operating, investing, or financing based on the nature of the activity.
Option B is incorrect because operating activities relate to the core day-to-day revenue-producing operations of the company. Option D is incorrect because financing activities involve obtaining or repaying capital, such as borrowing, issuing stock, or paying dividends. Option A is not a standard reporting category under the statement of cash flows. Since buying or constructing long-term fixed assets represents investment in productive resources for future use, the correct classification is Cash flows from investing activities .
質問 # 42
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