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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Value Methodology Core Competencies | - VM Facilitation and Leadership - Function Analysis - Value Concept
- Value Methodology Foundations
- VM Study Execution and Team Management |
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質問 # 68
Which of the following strategies should be used to enhance understanding of VM proposals presented during the Presentation Phase?
Choose 2 answers.
正解:A、B
解説:
The correct answers are C and D . In the Presentation Phase, the purpose is not simply to display information, but to communicate the developed VM proposals clearly enough for decision makers to understand the recommendation, its basis, and its value improvement opportunity. SAVE's Value Methodology Standard states that the Presentation Phase should develop a report and/or presentation that documents and conveys the adequacy of the developed alternatives and their associated value improvement opportunity. ( ) Using baseline and proposed graphics at a similar level of complexity helps the audience compare the current condition against the recommended alternative without distortion. If one graphic is overly detailed and the other is simplified, the comparison may become misleading or difficult to evaluate. Providing clear explanations and context is equally important because graphics alone rarely communicate assumptions, functional trade-offs, cost implications, risks, or implementation constraints.
Option A is incorrect because relying only on graphics removes the technical reasoning needed for acceptance. Option B is also incorrect because excessive graphics can dilute the message and distract from the proposal's functional and value basis.
References/topics: Presentation Phase; VM Proposal Communication; Baseline vs Proposed Comparison; Decision-Maker Understanding; VM Report and Presentation.
質問 # 69
Which of the following are appropriate techniques to achieve the expected output of the Evaluation Phase?
正解:B
解説:
The correct answer is C. Coarse, medium, and fine filters . In the VM Job Plan, the Evaluation Phase converts the large number of ideas generated during the Creativity Phase into a smaller, rationally selected group of ideas suitable for Development. SAVE's Value Methodology Standard states that the Evaluation Phase uses a structured evaluation process to select ideas with potential for value improvement while still delivering required functions and respecting performance requirements and resource limits. ( ) The SAVE International Core Competencies directly classify Evaluation Phase techniques as coarse filter, medium filter, and fine filter methods. These appear under "Apply Evaluation Techniques," with coarse filters representing simple screening, medium filters supporting intermediate comparison, and fine filters supporting more detailed evaluation before ideas move into development. ( ) Option A, weighted evaluation, can be part of a detailed or fine-filter evaluation, but it is not the complete filtering approach named in the CVS/VM Guide framework. Options B and D are more closely associated with idea generation or creative stimulation, not the primary structured filtering process of the Evaluation Phase.
References/topics: Evaluation Phase; Apply Evaluation Techniques; Coarse Filter; Medium Filter; Fine Filter; Idea Selection.
質問 # 70
Which of the following are balanced scorecard perspectives?
Choose 2 answers.
正解:A、D
解説:
The correct answers are A. Cost and D. Innovation . In the CVS/Value Methodology program-management context, a balanced scorecard is used to measure organizational or program performance from more than one viewpoint, rather than judging success only by a single financial result. The traditional balanced scorecard framework includes financial, customer, internal process, and innovation/learning perspectives. Kaplan and Norton's original balanced scorecard concept includes an innovation and learning perspective, which makes Innovation a direct match. ( Harvard Business Review ) Cost is also acceptable because it represents the financial perspective of the scorecard. Financial measures commonly include cost, profit, expense control, return, and other resource-based measures. ACCA explains the financial perspective as measuring traditional financial performance, including costs and related financial indicators. ( ACCA Global ) Design is incorrect because it is a technical or product-development activity, not a balanced scorecard perspective. Marketing is also incorrect because it may support customer strategy, but the actual scorecard perspective is normally called the customer perspective , not marketing. Therefore, the best two answers from the given options are Cost and Innovation .
References/topics: VM Programs; Balanced Scorecard; Financial/Cost Perspective; Innovation and Learning Perspective; Program Performance Measurement.
質問 # 71
When a higher discount rate is used to calculate life cycle costs, which change occurs to the value of money over time?
正解:D
解説:
The correct answer is D. The life cycle cost is reduced . In Value Methodology, life cycle cost analysis is used to compare alternatives over the full ownership period, not just by initial cost. Future costs such as operation, maintenance, replacement, repair, and disposal are converted to present value using a discount rate. When the discount rate is higher, future costs are discounted more heavily, meaning their present value becomes smaller.
This does not mean the actual future cash payment disappears; it means that, in present-value terms, money spent in the future is worth less today. Therefore, increasing the discount rate reduces the present value of future cost streams and normally lowers the calculated present-value life cycle cost, especially for alternatives with large costs occurring later in the study period.
Option A is incorrect because discounting is essential when costs occur at different times. Option B is incorrect because changing the discount rate directly changes present-value calculations. Option C is incorrect because a higher discount rate does not increase the present value of future costs; it reduces them.
References/topics: Development Phase; Life Cycle Costing; Economic Analysis; Present Value; Discount Rate; VM Proposal Development.
質問 # 72
Which of the following actions would be appropriate for creating an effective evaluation framework?
Choose 2 answers.
正解:A、C
解説:
The correct answers are B and D . An effective evaluation framework in Value Methodology must be structured, objective, and aligned with the subject's purpose. The SAVE Value Methodology Standard describes the Evaluation Phase as the point where the team follows a structured process to select ideas with value-improvement potential while delivering required functions and considering performance requirements and resource limits. ( ) Therefore, the facilitator and team must first define clear objectives and success criteria that align with the study subject's goals. Evaluation cannot be based on preference alone; criteria should connect to function, performance, cost, schedule, risk, quality, user needs, and implementation feasibility. Involving stakeholders is also appropriate because stakeholders help confirm whether the evaluation criteria reflect actual project, customer, owner, or user priorities. Their participation improves acceptance of selected ideas and reduces resistance during later development and implementation.
Option A is incorrect because the Creativity Phase is intended for generating ideas, not judging them.
Introducing evaluation too early suppresses divergent thinking. Option C is incorrect because a "gut feel index" is informal and subjective, while VM requires disciplined, traceable evaluation methods.
References/topics: Evaluation Phase; Evaluation Criteria; Stakeholder Engagement; VM Job Plan; Structured Idea Screening.
質問 # 73
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