Applied-Probability-and-Statistics Probesfragen, Applied-Probability-and-Statistics Antworten

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WGU Applied-Probability-and-Statistics Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionObjectives
Topic 1: Probability Theory- Fundamental Probability Concepts
  • 1. Basic probability rules
    • 2. Conditional probability
      • 3. Independent vs dependent events
        - Probability Distributions
        • 1. Binomial distribution basics
          • 2. Normal distribution
            Topic 2: Regression and Modeling- Linear Relationships
            • 1. Simple linear regression
              • 2. Slope and intercept interpretation
                Topic 3: Statistical Inference- Estimation and Confidence Intervals
                • 1. Point estimates
                  • 2. Confidence interval interpretation
                    - Hypothesis Testing (Introductory Level)
                    • 1. p-values interpretation
                      • 2. Null vs alternative hypothesis
                        Topic 4: Descriptive Statistics- Two Variable Data Analysis
                        • 1. Outliers and relationships
                          • 2. Scatter plots interpretation
                            • 3. Correlation
                              - Single Variable Data Analysis
                              • 1. Data visualization (histograms, box plots)
                                • 2. Measures of dispersion (variance, standard deviation, range)
                                  • 3. Measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode)

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                                    WGU Applied-Probability-and-Statistics Antworten - Applied-Probability-and-Statistics Simulationsfragen

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                                    WGU Applied Probability and Statistics (FZO1 C955) Applied-Probability-and-Statistics Prüfungsfragen mit Lösungen (Q140-Q145):

                                    140. Frage
                                    Which distribution models number of successes in fixed independent trials?

                                    Antwort: D

                                    Begründung:
                                    The binomial distribution models the number of successes in a fixed number of independent trials when each trial has only two possible outcomes, usually labeled success and failure, and the probability of success remains constant from trial to trial. These four conditions define the binomial setting: fixed number of trials, independent trials, two outcomes per trial, and constant success probability. Examples include the number of heads in 10 coin flips, the number of defective items in a sample when the defect probability is constant, or the number of students who pass an exam out of a fixed group. The normal distribution describes continuous bell-shaped data, not counts of successes. The Poisson distribution models counts of events occurring over a fixed interval when events occur at a constant average rate. The uniform distribution assigns equal probability across outcomes or intervals. Because the question explicitly states "number of successes" and "fixed independent trials," the correct model is binomial. Study Guide references/topics: binomial distribution, independent trials, success probability, discrete random variables.


                                    141. Frage
                                    A teacher compares the test scores of two classes using a box plot.

                                    What is true about the median test scores?

                                    Antwort: B

                                    Begründung:
                                    A box plot displays the five-number summary, including the median, which is shown by the vertical line inside each box. In the exhibit, the median for Class A is positioned at approximately 65, while the median for Class B is positioned at approximately 80. The difference is therefore 80 # 65 = 15 points. Since Class A's median is lower, the correct interpretation is that the median test score of Class A is 15 points less than that of Class B. This comparison uses a categorical grouping variable, class, and a quantitative response variable, test score. The box plot is appropriate because it allows the distributions of two groups to be compared visually using medians, quartiles, ranges, and potential spread. Options A, B, and D do not match the median locations shown by the center lines in the boxes. References/topics from the Study Guide: box plots, median, five- number summary, comparing distributions.


                                    142. Frage
                                    A team of scientists wants to understand the relationship between smoking and lung cancer. They collect data from 1,000 individuals, recording their smoking habits and whether they have been diagnosed with lung cancer. The scientists then analyze the data to find any correlations.
                                    Is this study observational or experimental?

                                    Antwort: D

                                    Begründung:
                                    This is an observational study because the scientists collect existing information about individuals' smoking habits and lung cancer diagnoses without assigning treatments or controlling exposure. In an experimental study, researchers impose a condition, treatment, or intervention and then measure the resulting effect. Here, the researchers are not requiring some individuals to smoke and others not to smoke; they are simply recording naturally occurring characteristics and outcomes. The purpose is to examine association, or correlation, between two variables: smoking status and lung cancer diagnosis. Both variables are categorical, so the analysis would likely involve proportions, conditional percentages, or contingency tables. Option A is incorrect because analyzing correlations does not make a study experimental. Option B is incorrect because
                                    "testing effects" would require manipulation or assignment. Option C identifies a true feature, a large sample size, but sample size does not determine study type. References/topics from the Study Guide: observational studies, experimental studies, association, categorical variables.


                                    143. Frage
                                    Mean = 100, SD = 15, z = 2. Value = ?

                                    Antwort: D

                                    Begründung:
                                    A z-score expresses how many standard deviations a value lies above or below the mean. The formula is z = (x # #)/#. To solve for the raw value x, rearrange the formula: x = # + z#. Here, the mean # is 100, the standard deviation # is 15, and z = 2. Substitute these values: x = 100 + 2(15) = 100 + 30 = 130. Therefore, the raw value is 130. This means the value is two standard deviations above the mean. Option B, 115, would correspond to z = 1. Option C, 125, is not exactly two standard deviations above 100 when # = 15. Option D,
                                    110, is less than one standard deviation above the mean. The correct value must add two full standard deviations to the mean. Study Guide references/topics: z-scores, standardization, normal distribution, raw score conversion.


                                    144. Frage
                                    Ten teachers each had a jar of jelly beans. The jars had this number of jelly beans in each respective jar: 50,
                                    60, 80, 80, 100, 100, 100, 120, 120, and 140.
                                    What is the mean of these data?

                                    Antwort: B

                                    Begründung:
                                    The mean is the arithmetic average of a quantitative data set. To calculate it, add all observed values and divide by the number of observations. The jelly bean counts are 50, 60, 80, 80, 100, 100, 100, 120, 120, and
                                    140. Their sum is 950. There are 10 jars, so the mean is 950 ÷ 10 = 95. This means the average number of jelly beans per jar is 95. Option A, 100, may seem plausible because 100 appears frequently and is near the center of the data, but frequency alone determines the mode, not the mean. Option C, 80, is one of the repeated values but not the average. Option B, 120, is too high because several observations fall well below
                                    120. The mean uses every value in the data set, including the low values 50 and 60 and the high value 140.
                                    References/topics from the Study Guide: mean, measures of center, quantitative data, arithmetic average.


                                    145. Frage
                                    ......

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