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CWNP CWNA-109 Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionWeightObjectives
Topic 1: IEEE 802.11 Regulations and Standards15%- IEEE 802.11 Standards
  • 1. 802.11-2020 and amendments (a/b/g/n/ac/ax)
  • 2. Channel bonding and widths
  • 3. 802.11be (Wi-Fi 7) overview
- Regulatory Bodies and Domains
  • 1. FCC, ETSI, IC, and others
  • 2. Frequency bands and channels
Topic 2: IEEE 802.11 Network Operations15%- Troubleshooting
  • 1. Spectrum analysis
  • 2. Common connectivity issues
  • 3. Protocol analysis
- Performance Optimization
  • 1. QoS (WMM)
  • 2. Channel management
  • 3. Roaming (802.11r/k/v)
Topic 3: IEEE 802.11 Network Security15%- Encryption and Authentication
  • 1. OWE and SAE
  • 2. CCMP, GCMP
  • 3. 802.1X/EAP
- Security Basics
  • 1. Legacy security (WEP, WPA)
  • 2. WPA2 and WPA3
  • 3. Authentication and Association
Topic 4: IEEE 802.11 Network Implementation20%- Site Survey and Design
  • 1. AP placement and density
  • 2. Active site surveys
  • 3. Predictive and Passive site surveys
- Power over Ethernet (PoE)
  • 1. 802.3af, 802.3at, 802.3bt
- Deployment Models
  • 1. Autonomous APs
  • 2. Cloud-based and Controller-based
  • 3. Distributed and Centralized architectures
Topic 5: IEEE 802.11 Protocols and Devices20%- 802.11 Frame Types
  • 1. Management, Control, and Data frames
  • 2. Frame exchange processes
- CSMA/CA
  • 1. RTS/CTS
  • 2. DCF and EDCA
- WLAN Architecture
  • 1. Stations (STA), Access Points (AP)
  • 2. Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS)
  • 3. Basic Service Set (BSS)
  • 4. Extended Service Set (ESS)
  • 5. Distribution System (DS)
Topic 6: Radio Frequency (RF) Technologies15%- Antenna Concepts
  • 1. Antenna types and usage
  • 2. Antenna gain and patterns
  • 3. Polarization
- RF Mathematics
  • 1. Link budget calculations
  • 2. dB, dBi, dBd, dBm
  • 3. Inverse Square Law
- RF Fundamentals
  • 1. Wavelength, frequency, and amplitude
  • 2. Signal strength and loss (attenuation)
  • 3. RF behaviors: absorption, reflection, refraction, diffraction, scattering

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CWNP Wireless Network Administrator (CWNA) Sample Questions (Q98-Q103):

NEW QUESTION # 98
Option 43 must be configured to allow access points to locate controllers. In what network service should this option be configured?

Answer: A

Explanation:
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is the network service where option 43 must be configured to allow access points to locate controllers. DHCP is a protocol that allows a device to obtain an IP address and other network configuration parameters from a server. In a wireless controller scenario, the access points can use DHCP to request an IP address from a DHCP server, which can also provide the IP address or hostname of the wireless controller as an option in the DHCP response. Option 43 is a vendor-specific option that can be used to encode custom information for different types of devices. For example, Cisco access points can use option 43 to receive the IP address of the wireless controller from the DHCP server, while Aruba access points can use option 43 to receive the hostname of the wireless controller from the DHCP server. This way, the access points can discover the wireless controller and establish a connection with it. References: 1, Chapter 8, page 309; 2, Section 5.2


NEW QUESTION # 99
What statement is true concerning the use of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation method in IEEE 802.11 WLANs?

Answer: A

Explanation:
OFDM is a modulation method that divides the channel bandwidth into multiple subcarriers, each carrying a single data symbol. This allows for higher data rates and more robust transmissions in multipath environments.
OFDM was first introduced inthe 802.11a standard, which operates in the 5 GHz band and supports data rates up to 54 Mbps. Later, the 802.11g standard adopted OFDM for the 2.4 GHz band, and the 802.11n and
802.11ac standards enhanced OFDM with features such as MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), channel bonding, and higher-order modulation schemes to achieve data rates up to 600 Mbps and 6.9 Gbps, respectively. These standards are collectively known as the ERP (Extended Rate PHY), HT (High Throughput), and VHT (Very High Throughput) PHYs . References: [CWNA-109 Study Guide], Chapter 4:
Radio Frequency Signal and Antenna Concepts, page 163; [CWNA-109Study Guide], Chapter 4: Radio Frequency Signal and Antenna Concepts, page 157.


NEW QUESTION # 100
What security protocol, mandated by the Wi-Fi Alliance, replaced WPA2 and introduced Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) as a replacement for the PSK four-way handshake?

Answer: A

Explanation:
WPA3 is the current WLAN security certification from the Wi-Fi Alliance, and it introduced Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) as a replacement for the WPA2-Personal pre- shared key exchange. SAE, based on the Dragonfly key exchange protocol, protects against offline dictionary attacks by requiring an interactive exchange between the client and AP for each authentication attempt, unlike the older four-way handshake which could be captured and attacked offline. WPA3 also introduced mandatory Protected Management Frames (PMF).


NEW QUESTION # 101
When using a spectrum to look for non Wi-Fi interference sources, you notice significant interference across the entire 2.4 GHz band (not on a few select frequencies) within the desktop area of a users workspace, but the interference disappears quickly after just 2 meters. What is the most likely cause of this interference?

Answer: C

Explanation:
USB 3 devices in the user's work area are the most likely cause of this interference when using a spectrum analyzer to look for non-Wi-Fi interference sources. A spectrum analyzer is a tool that measures and visualizes the radio frequency activity and interference in the wireless environment. A spectrum analyzer can show the spectrum usage and energy levels on each frequency band or channel and help identify and locate the sources of interference. Interference is any unwanted signal that disrupts or degrades the intended signal on a wireless channel.
Interference can be caused by various sources, such as other Wi-Fi devices, non-Wi-Fi devices, or natural phenomena. Interference can affect WLAN performance and quality by causing signal loss, noise, distortion, or errors. USB 3 devices are non-Wi-Fi devices that use USB 3.0 technology to transfer data at high speeds between computers and peripherals, such as hard drives, flash drives, cameras, or printers. USB 3 devices can generate electromagnetic radiation that interferes with Wi-Fi signals in the 2.4 GHz band, especially when they are close to Wi-Fi devices or antennas. USB 3 devices can cause significant interference across the entire 2.4 GHz band (not on a few select frequencies) within the desktop area of a user's workspace, but the interference disappears quickly after just 2 meters. This is because USB 3 devices emit broadband interference that affects all channels in the 2.4 GHz band with a high intensity near the source but a low intensity at a distance due to attenuation. The other options are not likely to cause this interference pattern when using a spectrum analyzer to look for non-Wi-Fi interference sources. Bluetooth devices in the user's work area are non-Wi-Fi devices that use Bluetooth technology to communicate wirelessly between computers and peripherals, such as keyboards, mice, headphones, or speakers. Bluetooth devices can cause interference with Wi-Fi signals in the 2.4 GHz band, but they use frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) technique that changes frequencies rapidly and randomly within a range of 79 channels. Therefore, Bluetooth devices do not cause significant interference across the entire 2.4 GHz band (not on a few select frequencies), but rather intermittent interference on some channels at different times. Excess RF energy from a nearby AP is not a non-Wi-Fi interference source but rather a Wi-Fi interference source that occurs when an AP transmits more power than necessary for its coverage area.
Excess RF energy from a nearby AP can cause co-channel interference (CCI) with other APs or client devices that use the same channel within range of each other. CCI reduces performance and capacity because it causes contention and collisions on the wireless medium.


NEW QUESTION # 102
The requirements for a WLAN you are installing state that it must support unidirectional delays of less than
150 ms and the signal strength at all receivers can be no lower than -67 dBm. What application is likely used that demands these requirements?

Answer: C

Explanation:
VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) is an application that is likely used that demands the requirements of unidirectional delays of less than 150 ms and the signal strength at all receivers can be no lower than -67 dBm. VoIP is an application that allows users to make and receive voice calls over a network, such as the Internet or a WLAN. VoIP is a real-time and interactive application that requires high quality of service (QoS) to ensure good user experience and satisfaction. One of the QoS metrics for VoIP is delay, which is the time it takes for a voice packet to travel from the sender to the receiver. Delay can affect the quality and intelligibility of the voice conversation, as well as the synchronization and naturalness of the dialogue. The ITU-T G.114 recommendation suggests that the maximum acceptable one-way delay for VoIP should be less than 150 ms, as anything higher than that can cause noticeable degradation and annoyance to the users.
Another QoS metric for VoIP is signal strength, which is the measure of how strong the RF signal is at the receiver. Signal strength can affect the reliability and performance of the wireless connection, as well as the data rate and throughput of the VoIP traffic. The CWNA Official Study Guide recommends that the minimum signal strength for VoIP should be -67 dBm, as anything lower than that can cause packet loss, retries, jitter, and other issues that can impair the voice quality. References: 1, Chapter 10, page 398; 2, Section 6.1


NEW QUESTION # 103
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