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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Specimen Processing & Handling | 14% | - Documentation & tracking - Aliquoting & preservation - Transport & storage requirements - Processing & centrifugation - Specimen rejection criteria |
| Topic 2: Patient Preparation | 20% | - Patient positioning & comfort - Site selection & preparation - Patient identification & verification - Requisition review & test verification - Informed consent & communication |
| Topic 3: Special Collections | 12% | - Blood cultures & sterile collection - Blood alcohol & legal collections - Therapeutic drug monitoring - Glucose tolerance & dynamic tests - Pediatric & geriatric collections |
| Topic 4: Safety and Compliance | 26% | - Quality control & error prevention - Bloodborne pathogens & exposure control - PPE & sharps disposal - Infection control & OSHA standards - HIPAA & patient confidentiality |
| Topic 5: Routine Blood Collections | 28% | - Tourniquet use & vein assessment - Capillary puncture procedures - Order of draw & tube selection - Post-collection care & labeling - Venipuncture techniques & equipment |
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NEW QUESTION # 19
Which of the following agencies enforces workplace standards related to bloodborne pathogens?
Answer: A
Explanation:
OSHA enforces workplace standards related to bloodborne pathogens. In phlebotomy, OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogens Standard is central because technicians routinely handle blood, sharps, contaminated equipment, and potentially infectious materials. OSHA requirements support exposure-control plans, engineering controls, sharps safety, PPE, hepatitis B vaccination access, training, and post-exposure follow-up. The FDA regulates drugs, biologics, and medical devices, but it does not enforce employer bloodborne pathogen workplace standards in the same way OSHA does. CMS administers Medicare and Medicaid and oversees certain healthcare quality and laboratory-related regulatory structures, but it is not the primary workplace bloodborne pathogen enforcement agency. DEA regulates controlled substances, which is unrelated to routine phlebotomy safety. A phlebotomist does not need to be a legal scholar, but they must know which agencies govern common safety and compliance issues. This knowledge supports correct behavior during needlesticks, sharps disposal, PPE use, exposure reporting, and infection-control practice. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; OSHA; bloodborne pathogens; exposure-control plan; workplace safety.
NEW QUESTION # 20
Which of the following tube colors is commonly used for coagulation testing?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Light-blue tubes are commonly used for coagulation testing because they contain sodium citrate. Citrate binds calcium reversibly, preventing clotting while preserving the specimen for coagulation analysis such as PT, INR, and aPTT. The tube must be filled to the required level because coagulation testing depends on a precise blood-to-anticoagulant ratio. Underfilling a light-blue tube can falsely prolong clotting results and cause specimen rejection. Lavender tubes contain EDTA and are commonly used for hematology tests such as CBC. Gray tubes often contain sodium fluoride and potassium oxalate and are used for glucose or lactate testing depending on facility protocol. Red tubes are generally serum tubes without anticoagulant or with clot activator depending on manufacturer. The phlebotomist must collect light-blue tubes in the correct order of draw and inspect for proper fill. This is a high-yield NHA-style concept because it combines tube color, additive, test department, and specimen acceptability. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; coagulation tubes; sodium citrate; fill volume; order of draw.
NEW QUESTION # 21
Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist take after filling the last tube of a venipuncture procedure?
Answer: C
Explanation:
After the last tube has filled, the phlebotomist must complete the venipuncture termination sequence safely. The correct action from the choices is to withdraw the needle from the puncture site. In routine venipuncture, the tourniquet is released before needle removal, then the needle is withdrawn smoothly, the safety device is activated, and pressure is applied with clean gauze or cotton only after the needle is out. Applying cotton while the needle is still inserted can cause the needle to cut or traumatize the vein. Cleaning the site with antiseptic occurs before puncture, not after collection. A warm compress is not part of routine completion; it may be used only for selected complications or difficult venous access before collection. The NHA CPT outline specifically includes standard tourniquet removal, needle removal, safety-device use, post-procedural care, and bandaging as routine blood collection competencies. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; removing tourniquet, tubes, and needle; post-procedural patient care.
NEW QUESTION # 22
Which of the following PPE should a phlebotomist wear when there is a risk of blood splatter during collection?
Answer: B
Explanation:
When there is a risk of blood splatter, the phlebotomist should wear eye and face protection, such as a face shield or goggles with a mask. Standard gloves protect the hands but do not protect the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, and mouth. Sterile gloves are not routinely required for standard venipuncture; clean gloves are typically used unless a sterile procedure is specified. Shoe covers are not the primary protection for facial splash exposure. An N95 respirator protects against airborne particles but does not replace splash protection unless combined with appropriate eye and face protection when needed. The correct PPE is based on anticipated exposure. A routine venipuncture may require gloves only, but procedures with splash risk require additional barriers. The phlebotomist must evaluate the procedure, patient behavior, specimen type, and environment before collection. PPE use also includes proper donning, removal, disposal, and hand hygiene after glove removal. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; PPE selection; standard precautions; splash exposure; mucous membrane protection.
NEW QUESTION # 23
Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist take when labelling inpatient specimens?
Answer: B
Explanation:
For inpatient specimens, the phlebotomist should label the specimen collection container immediately after collection using the patient's wristband information as the identification source. The key control is bedside labeling in the presence of the patient, after positive identification and collection, so the specimen is tied to the correct patient before it leaves the room. Labeling the lid is unsafe because lids can be removed, switched, or separated from the specimen. Having the patient write demographic information is not an acceptable patient-identification process and does not satisfy laboratory labeling requirements. Provider pre-labeling is also unsafe because it creates a risk of wrong-patient collection if the container is later used for another patient or if identification is not verified at collection. Correct labeling usually includes patient name, second identifier, date and time of collection, collector identity, and any facility-required information. The NHA CPT outline specifically includes patient identifiers, labeling procedures and requirements, documentation, and the task of labeling all specimens. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; patient identification; specimen labeling; documentation requirements.
NEW QUESTION # 24
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